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Cinema of Turkey

"Yeşilçam" redirects here. For the 2021 TV series, see Yeşilçam (TV series). For the villages, see Yeşilçam, Bozdoğan and Yeşilçam, Düzce.

Cinema of Turkey
Maxim Night Club, previously Cinemajik Movie Theater in Taksim, Istanbul.
No. of screens2,826 (2019)
 • Per capita3.32 per 100,000 (2019)
Main distributorsCGV Mars Distribution 50.83%
UIP 22.52%
TME Films 14.43%[1]
P-inema 5.37%
Produced feature films (2012)[2]
Total61
Number of admissions (2012)[2]
Total43,935,763
 • Per capita0.8 (2016)[3]
National films20,487,220 (47.0%)
Gross box office (2012)[4]
Total$234 million
National films$109 million (46.6%)
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Cinema of Turkey or Turkish cinema (also formerly known as Yeşilçam, which literally means Green Pine in Turkish), (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈjeʃiltʃam]) or Türk sineması refers to the Turkish film art and industry. It is an important part of Turkish culture, and has flourished over the years, delivering entertainment to audiences in Turkey, Turkish expatriates across Europe, Balkans & Eastern Europe, also more recently prospering in the Arab world and to a lesser extent, the rest of the world.

In the ancieeent Turks before Islam, Turkish storytelling developed from shaman and humanistic ritual practiced. Shaman ritual had nature, spiritual elements with music, imitation. Female shamans are more powerful. Male shamans can wear women accessories. Storytelling accompanied by music had erudite advices, imitations, witty, rhymed verses, historically mindful, inventive and usually includes fantasy figures. Bakshy, Ashik, Ozan continue traditional storytelling in Turkic countries. However Aytysh could improvised competitions in 1990s in media of Turkey. They have risk of getting lost in new generation.[5][6][7][8][9]

The first film exhibited in the Ottoman Empire was the Lumière Brothers' 1895 film, L'Arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat, which was shown in Constantinople (modern day Istanbul) in 1896. The Weavers (1905), by the Manaki brothers, was the first film made in the Ottoman Empire. The earliest surviving film made in what is present-day Turkey was a documentary entitled Ayastefanos'taki Rus Abidesinin Yıkılışı (Demolition of the Russian Monument at San Stefano), directed by Fuat Uzkınay and completed in 1914. The first narrative film in Ottoman Empire isn't known for certain.[10]

Turkey's first sound film Bir Millet Uyanıyor was shown in 1931.[11] Traditional Turkish theater had improvisation storytellers like Meddah, orta oyunu, Karagöz and Hacivat. Western storytelling drama format evolved, After Darülbedayi (1914) in Ottoman Empire and Ankara State Conservatory (1936) in Turkey.[12][13][14] Due to their training format, Theater actors moved away from cinema or they only did dubbing in cinema. So, Turkish cinema started to evolve in 1960s. Yeşilçam era was the world's 4th biggest cinema.[15][16]

The Weavers (1905 film), by the Manaki brothers, was the first film made in the Ottoman Empire . 15-second clip showing the 114-year-old Despina Manaki spinning.
Ayastefanos′taki Rus Abidesinin Yıkılışı is a documentary filmed in 1914.
  1. ^ "Table 6: Share of Top 3 distributors (Excel)". UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from the original on 17 January 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
  2. ^ a b "Box-Office". General Directorate of Cinema. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
  3. ^ "Annual Report 2016" (PDF). Union Internationale des Cinémas. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 October 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
  4. ^ "Market Study - Turkey" (PDF). German Films. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
  5. ^ Akın, Banu Ayten (17 February 2011). "TÜRKLERDE ŞAMANİZM VE OYUN İLİŞKİSİ". Güzel Sanatlar Enstitüsü Dergisi (25): 1–13. ISSN 1300-9206.
  6. ^ "Şamanizm Nedir? Şaman (veya Kam) Figürünün Şamanizm'deki Yeri Nedir?". Evrim Ağacı (in Turkish). 18 October 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  7. ^ "'Tanrıça'lıktan hak arayışına Türk mitolojisinde kadın". Odatv (in Turkish). 9 March 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  8. ^ https://www.millifolklor.com/PdfViewer.aspx?Sayi=139&Sayfa=159 [bare URL]
  9. ^ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377665784_Asiklik_Geleneginin_Kayip_Yuzyillari_Asik_Edebiyatinin_Mahiyeti_ve_Olusum_Surecine_Dair_Birtakim_Yeni_Mulahazalar [bare URL]
  10. ^ "Sinemanın Türkiye'de Başlangıç Yılları". IIENSTITU (in Turkish). Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  11. ^ "Atatürk'ün Rol Aldığı Film: Bir Millet Uyanıyor - Üçüncü Sinema" (in Turkish). 30 June 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  12. ^ Müdürlüğü, Kadıköy Belediyesi Bilgi İşlem. "Tiyatronun aynasında 100 yıl…| Haberler". www.gazetekadikoy.com.tr. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  13. ^ "Hacettepe Üniversitesi Ankara Devlet Konservatuvarı". adk.hacettepe.edu.tr. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  14. ^ "GELENEKSEL TÜRK TİYATROSU". Kültür Portalı. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  15. ^ "Türkiye'de Sinema". sinema.ktb.gov.tr. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  16. ^ "DÜNYA SiNEMASI TÜRKÇE iZLENiRKEN". Milliyet (in Turkish). 14 October 2012. Retrieved 3 July 2024.

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