Circumfix

A circumfix (abbr: CIRC)^[1] (also parafix,^[2] confix, or ambifix) is an affix which has two parts, one placed at the start of a word, and the other at the end. Circumfixes contrast with prefixes, attached to the beginnings of words; suffixes, attached at the end; and infixes, inserted in the middle. Circumfixes are common in Malay^[3] and Georgian.^[4]

Its related operation is called circumfixation (or parafixation, confixation, ambifixation).

^ Comrie, Bernard; Haspelmath, Martin; Bickel, Balthasar (2008). "Leipzig glossing rules: Conventions for interlinear morpheme-by-morpheme glosses". Archived from the original on 2019-08-04. Retrieved 2016-04-12.
^ The Oxford Handbook of Language Production (by Matthew Goldrick, Victor Ferreira, Michele Miozzo), Oxford University Press, 2014, ISBN 9780199393459, p. 159 at Google Books: "Circumfixation (or parafixation) is the most sparsely attested type of affixation, [...]"
^ Tadmor, Uri (2005), "Malay-Indonesian and Malayic languages", in Strazny, Philipp (ed.), Encyclopedia of Linguistics, New York: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 644–647
^ Colarusso, John (2005), "Georgian and Caucasian languages", in Strazny, Philipp (ed.), Encyclopedia of Linguistics, New York: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 380–383

[1] Comrie, Bernard; Haspelmath, Martin; Bickel, Balthasar (2008). "Leipzig glossing rules: Conventions for interlinear morpheme-by-morpheme glosses". Archived from the original on 2019-08-04. Retrieved 2016-04-12.

[2] The Oxford Handbook of Language Production (by Matthew Goldrick, Victor Ferreira, Michele Miozzo), Oxford University Press, 2014, ISBN 9780199393459, p. 159 at Google Books: "Circumfixation (or parafixation) is the most sparsely attested type of affixation, [...]"

[3] Tadmor, Uri (2005), "Malay-Indonesian and Malayic languages", in Strazny, Philipp (ed.), Encyclopedia of Linguistics, New York: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 644–647

[4] Colarusso, John (2005), "Georgian and Caucasian languages", in Strazny, Philipp (ed.), Encyclopedia of Linguistics, New York: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 380–383

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