Back Ungerundeter halbgeschlossener Hinterzungenvokal ALS صائت خلفي متوسط مغلق غير مدور Arabic Полузатворена задна незакръглена гласна Bulgarian Vogalenn damserr a-dreñv plaen Breton Vocal semitancada posterior no arrodonida Catalan Polozavřená zadní nezaokrouhlená samohláska Czech Ungerundeter halbgeschlossener Hinterzungenvokal German Vocal semicerrada posterior no redondeada Spanish Voyelle mi-fermée postérieure non arrondie French Vokal takbulat setengah tertutup belakang ID
| Close-mid back unrounded vowel | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ɤ | |||
| IPA Number | 315 | ||
| Audio sample | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | ɤ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+0264 | ||
| X-SAMPA | 7 | ||
| Braille |   | ||
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| IPA: Vowels | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Legend: unrounded • rounded |
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The close-mid back unrounded vowel, or high-mid back unrounded vowel,[1] is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. Its symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨ɤ⟩, called "ram's horn." This symbol is distinct from the symbol for the voiced velar fricative, ⟨ɣ⟩, which has a descender, but some texts[2] use this symbol for the voiced velar fricative.
Before the 1989 IPA Convention, the symbol for the close-mid back unrounded vowel was ⟨
⟩, sometimes called "baby gamma", which has a flat top; this symbol was in turn derived from and replaced the inverted small capital A, ⟨ᴀ⟩, that represented the sound before the 1928 revision to the IPA.[3] The symbol was ultimately revised to be ⟨
⟩, "ram's horn", with a rounded top, in order to better differentiate it from the Latin gamma ⟨ɣ⟩.[4]
Unicode provides U+0264 ɤ LATIN SMALL LETTER RAMS HORN, but in some fonts this character may appear as a "baby gamma" instead. The superscript IPA version is U+10791 𐞑 MODIFIER LETTER SMALL RAMS HORN.[5] As of Unicode 16.0, there exists a capital ram's horn at U+A7CB LATIN CAPITAL LETTER RAMS HORN ⟨
⟩.
- ^ While the International Phonetic Association prefers the terms "close" and "open" for vowel height, many linguists use "high" and "low".
- ^ Such as Booij (1999) and Nowikow (2012).
- ^ International Phonetic Association (1912). The principles of the International Phonetic Association. Paris, Association Phonétique Internationale. pp. 10.
- ^ Nicholas, Nick (2003). "Greek-derived IPA symbols". Greek Unicode Issues. University of California, Irvine. Archived from the original on 2013-12-19. Retrieved 2013-12-18.
- ^ Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF).