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Communication theory

This article is about the discipline. For the journal, see Communication Theory (journal).

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Communication theory is a proposed description of communication phenomena, the relationships among them, a storyline describing these relationships, and an argument for these three elements. Communication theory provides a way of talking about and analyzing key events, processes, and commitments that together form communication. Theory can be seen as a way to map the world and make it navigable; communication theory gives us tools to answer empirical, conceptual, or practical communication questions.[1]

Communication is defined in both commonsense and specialized ways. Communication theory emphasizes its symbolic and social process aspects as seen from two perspectives—as exchange of information (the transmission perspective), and as work done to connect and thus enable that exchange (the ritual perspective).[2]

Sociolinguistic research in the 1950s and 1960s demonstrated that the level to which people change their formality of their language depends on the social context that they are in. This had been explained in terms of social norms that dictated language use. The way that we use language differs from person to person.[3]

Communication theories have emerged from multiple historical points of origin, including classical traditions of oratory and rhetoric, Enlightenment-era conceptions of society and the mind, and post-World War II efforts to understand propaganda and relationships between media and society.[4][5][6] Prominent historical and modern foundational communication theorists include Kurt Lewin, Harold Lasswell, Paul Lazarsfeld, Carl Hovland, James Carey, Elihu Katz, Kenneth Burke, John Dewey, Jurgen Habermas, Marshall McLuhan, Theodor Adorno, Antonio Gramsci, Jean-Luc Nancy, Robert E. Park, George Herbert Mead, Joseph Walther, Claude Shannon,Stuart Hall and Harold Innis–although some of these theorists may not explicitly associate themselves with communication as a discipline or field of study.[4][6][7][8]

  1. ^ Miller, Katherine (2005). Communication theories : perspectives, processes, and contexts (2nd ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0072937947.
  2. ^ Carey, James W. (2009). Communication as culture : essays on media and society (Rev. ed.). New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415989763.
  3. ^ "Communication Theory", The SAGE Encyclopedia of Online Education, Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, 2016, doi:10.4135/9781483318332.n73, ISBN 9781483318356, retrieved March 17, 2022
  4. ^ a b Peters, John Durham (December 1, 1993). "Genealogical Notes on 'The Field'". Journal of Communication. 43 (4): 132–139. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01313.x.
  5. ^ Cohen, Herman (1994). The history of speech communication : the emergence of a discipline, 1914-1945. Annandale, VA: Speech Communication Association. ISBN 0944811140.
  6. ^ a b Schramm, Wilbur (September 1, 1983). "The Unique Perspective of Communication: A Retrospective View". Journal of Communication. 33 (3): 6–17. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1983.tb02401.x.
  7. ^ Rogers, Everett M. (1997). A history of comm. study : a biographical approach. New York: Free Press. ISBN 0684840014.
  8. ^ Butchart, Garnet C. (2019). Embodiment, Relation, Community: A Continental Philosophy of Communication. Penn State University. ISBN 978-0-271-08325-4.

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