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Community-led total sanitation

CLTS triggering process: Community members in Ghana are drawing a map of open defecation for their community.

Community-led total sanitation (CLTS): is an approach used mainly in developing countries to improve sanitation and hygiene practices in a community. The approach tries to achieve behaviour change in mainly rural people by a process of "triggering", leading to spontaneous and long-term abandonment of open defecation practices. It focuses on spontaneous and long-lasting behaviour change of an entire community. The term "triggering" is central to the CLTS process: it refers to ways of igniting community interest in ending open defecation, usually by building simple toilets, such as pit latrines. CLTS involves actions leading to increased self-respect and pride in one's community.[1] It also involves shame and disgust about one's own open defecation behaviours.[1] CLTS takes an approach to rural sanitation that works without hardware subsidies and that facilitates communities to recognize the problem of open defecation and take collective action to clean up and become "open defecation free".

The concept was developed around the year 2000 by Kamal Kar for rural areas in Bangladesh. CLTS became an established approach around 2011. Non-governmental organizations were often in the lead when CLTS was first introduced in a country. Local governments may reward communities by certifying them with "open defecation free" (ODF) status. The original concept of CLTS purposefully did not include subsidies for toilets as they might hinder the process.[2]

CLTS is practiced in at least 53 countries.[1] CLTS has been adapted to the urban context.[3] It has also been applied to post-emergency and fragile states settings.[4]

Challenges associated with CLTS include the risk of human rights infringements within communities, low standards for toilets, and concerns about usage rates in the long term. CLTS is in principle compatible with a human rights based approach to sanitation but there are bad practice examples in the name of CLTS.[5] More rigorous coaching of CLTS practitioners, government public health staff and local leaders on issues such as stigma, awareness of social norms and pre-existing inequalities are important.[5] People who are disadvantaged should benefit from CLTS programmes as effectively as those who are not disadvantaged.[6]

  1. ^ a b c Venkataramanan, Vidya; Crocker, Jonathan; Karon, Andrew; Batram, Jamie (2018). "Community-Led Total Sanitation: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review of Evidence and Its Quality". Environmental Health Perspectives. 026001–1 (2): 026001. doi:10.1289/EHP1965. PMC 6066338. PMID 29398655.
  2. ^ Galvin, M (2015). "Talking shit: is Community-Led Total Sanitation a radical and revolutionary approach to sanitation?". Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water. 2 (1): 9–20. Bibcode:2015WIRWa...2....9G. doi:10.1002/wat2.1055. S2CID 109255503.
  3. ^ Myers, Jamie; Cavill, Sue; Musyoki, Samuel; Pasteur, Katherine; Stevens, Lucy (15 June 2018). Innovations for Urban Sanitation. Practical Action Publishing Ltd. doi:10.3362/9781780447360. ISBN 9781788530170. S2CID 134862963.
  4. ^ Greaves, F. (2016) 'CLTS in Post-Emergency and Fragile States Settings', Frontiers of CLTS: Innovations and Insights 9, Brighton: IDS
  5. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ House, S., Cavill, S. and Ferron, S. (2017) 'Equality and non-discrimination (EQND) in sanitation programmes at scale', Part 1 of 2, Frontiers of CLTS: Innovations and Insights 10, Brighton: IDS

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