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Conclavism is the practice that has existed since the second half of the 20th century which consists in the convening of a conclave to elect rival popes (antipopes) to the current pope of Rome. This method is used by some Catholics, often Sedevacantists, who do not accept the legitimacy of their present papacy. Those who hold the position that a conclave can be convened to elect a pope to rival the current pope of Rome are called conclavists.[1]
This claim is usually associated with the claim, known as sedevacantism, that the present holder of the title of pope is not pope, which implies they consider they have the right to elect a pope. But not all Sedevacantists are Conclavists.[1]
The term "Conclavism" comes from the word "conclave", the term for a meeting of the College of Cardinals convened to elect a bishop of Rome, when that see is vacant.
Conclavism is different from what George Chryssides calls the "mysticalists" phenomenon, i.e. people declaring themselves popes after receiving a personal mystical revelation. This is because in the mysticalists' cases no human institution is used to have a pope appointed; an example of this case is the Apostles of Infinite Love.[1]