Crimea in the Soviet Union

Crimean Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic[a] (1921–1936) Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1945) Crimean Oblast[b] (1945–1991) Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1991–1992) Крымская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика (Russian) Къырым Мухтар Совет Социалист Джумхуриети (Crimean Tatar) Кримська Автономна Радянська Соціалістична Республіка (Ukrainian)
ASSR of the Russian SFSR (1921–45) Oblast of the Russian SFSR (1945–54) and Ukrainian SSR (1954–91) ASSR of the Ukrainian SSR (1991) Autonomy of Ukraine (1991–92)
Flag (1938–1945) Emblem (1938–1945)
Raions with national status, as of 1938; Crimean Tatar regions in light blue, Russian in pink, Jewish in indigo, German in orange, Ukrainian in yellow
Capital	Simferopol
• Type	Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–45; 1991–92) Oblast (1945–91)
History
• Established	18 October 1921
• Reformed into oblast	30 June 1945
• Transferred to Ukraine	19 February 1954
• Autonomy regained	12 February 1991
• Dissolution of the Soviet Union	26 December 1991
• Renamed "Republic of Crimea"	6 May 1992
Contained within
• Country	Soviet Union (1921–1991) Ukraine (1991–1992)
Preceded by Succeeded by 1921: South Russia 1943: Generalbezirk Krym-Taurien 1942: Generalbezirk Krym-Taurien 1991: Ukraine
Today part of	Russia (de facto) Ukraine (de jure)

Several different governments controlled the Crimean Peninsula during the period of the Soviet Union, from the 1920s to 1991. The government of Crimea from 1921 to 1936 was the Crimean Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic,^[c] which was an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (SFSR); the name was altered slightly to the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic^[d] from 1936 to 1945.

Due to alleged collaboration of Crimean Tatars with Nazi Germany during World War II, all Crimean Tatars were deported by the Soviet regime in 1944 and the peninsula was resettled with other peoples, mainly Russians and Ukrainians, leaving the autonomous republic without its titular nationality. It was thus downgraded to an oblast within the Russian SFSR on 30 June 1945. The oblast was transferred to the Ukrainian SSR in 1954. Following a state-sanctioned referendum in 1991, it became again an autonomous republic, within the Ukrainian SSR, and then within independent Ukraine after the breakup of the Soviet Union.
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