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Critical thinking

For the American drama film, see Critical Thinking (film).
Not to be confused with Critical theory.

Critical thinking is the analysis of available facts, evidence, observations, and arguments in order to form a judgement by the application of rational, skeptical, and unbiased analyses and evaluation.[1] In modern times, the use of the phrase critical thinking can be traced to John Dewey, who used the phrase reflective thinking.[2] The application of critical thinking includes self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective habits of the mind;[3] thus, a critical thinker is a person who practices the skills of critical thinking or has been trained and educated in its disciplines.[4] Philosopher Richard W. Paul said that the mind of a critical thinker engages the person's intellectual abilities and personality traits.[5] Critical thinking presupposes assent to rigorous standards of excellence and mindful command of their use in effective communication and problem solving, and a commitment to overcome egocentrism and sociocentrism.[6][7]

  1. ^ Edward M. Glaser. "Defining Critical Thinking". The International Center for the Assessment of Higher Order Thinking (ICAT, US)/Critical Thinking Community. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
  2. ^ Hitchcock, David (2024), Zalta, Edward N.; Nodelman, Uri (eds.), "Critical Thinking", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2024 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, retrieved 18 August 2024
  3. ^ Clarke, John (2019). Critical Dialogues: Thinking Together in Turbulent Times. Bristol: Policy Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-1-4473-5097-2.
  4. ^ Piergiovanni, P. R., Creating a Critical Thinker, College Teaching, Vol. 62, No. 3 (July–September 2014), pp. 86-93, accessed 26 January 2023
  5. ^ Open University, Succeeding in postgraduate study: 2.1 The philosophical approach, accessed 26 January 2023
  6. ^ "Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development". www.telacommunications.com. Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
  7. ^ "It's a Fine Line Between Narcissism and Egocentrism". Psychology Today. Retrieved 3 April 2018.

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