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| Long title | An Act for the protection of the people of the Native American Territory, and for other purposes. |
|---|---|
| Nicknames | Curtis Act (1898) |
| Enacted by | the 55th United States Congress |
| Effective | June 28, 1898 |
| Citations | |
| Public law | Pub. L. 55–517 |
| Statutes at Large | 30 Stat. 495 |
| Legislative history | |
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The Curtis Act of 1898 was an amendment to the United States Dawes Act; it resulted in the break-up of tribal governments and communal lands in Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) of the Five Civilized Tribes of Indian Territory: the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Muscogee (Creek), Cherokee, and Seminole. These tribes had been previously exempt from the 1887 General Allotment Act (Dawes Act) because of the terms of their treaties.[1] In total, the tribes immediately lost control of about 90 million acres of their communal lands; they lost more in subsequent years.
The act also transferred the authority to determine members of tribes to the Dawes Commission as part of the registration of members. Thus, individuals could be enrolled as members without tribal consent.[2] By effectively abolishing the remainder of tribal courts, tribal governments, and tribal land claims in the Indian Territory of Oklahoma, the act enabled Oklahoma to be admitted as a state, which followed in 1907.[3]
- ^ Wright, Muriel H. A Guide to the Indian Tribes of Oklahoma. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. 1968
- ^ Tatro, M. Kaye. Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. "Curtis Act."[1] Archived 2010-07-20 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Prucha, Francis Paul. Indian Policy in the United States, Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press, 1981.