Cyprus (theme)

Theme of Cyprus θέμα Κύπρου théma Kýprou
965–1191
Cyprus shaded within the Byzantine Empire, AD 1000
Status	Theme of the Byzantine Empire (965–1185) Rump state (1185–1191)
Capital	Nicosia
Historical era	Middle Ages
• Establishment as a theme	965
• Isaac Komnenos of Cyprus proclaims independence	1185
ISO 3166 code	CY
Preceded by Succeeded by Byzantine province of Cyprus Cyprus under the Knights Templar (1191–1192)
Today part of	Cyprus Akrotiri and Dhekelia

Cyprus (‹See Tfd›Greek: Κύπρος, Kýpros) or the Theme of Cyprus (‹See Tfd›Greek: θέμα Κύπρου, théma Kýprou) was a Byzantine province located in the island of Cyprus, established in 965 after the reconquest of Cyprus by the Byzantine navy. Prior to this the island had been a Byzantine-Arab condominium for three centuries, except occasional short periods where it was occupied by either power.^[1] Important cities on the island at this time included Nicosia, Limassol, and Famagusta.

Rebellions by the theme governors Theophilos Erotikos in 1042 and Rhapsomates in 1091 failed, quickly subdued by imperial forces.^[1]

Proclaiming himself "emperor", Isaac Komnenos established control over the island in 1185.^[1] However, storms plaguing the Third Crusade wrecked two ships of Richard I of England's fleet off Cyprus in 1187. A third—carrying his sister Joan and betrothed Berengaria—reached the port of Limassol but Isaac's known hostility to all "Franks" meant it sat at anchor in the harbor, Joan fearing that coming ashore would mean capture and being held for ransom. Richard's ships arrived a week later on May 8th and, outraged at the women's conditions and treatment, he invaded the island.^{[2][citation needed]} He laid siege to Nicosia, defeated Isaac at Tremetousia, and became ruler of the island but sold it to the Knights Templar in 1191 to fund his debts and further action in the Crusade.