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Cytomegalovirus

Cytomegalovirus
Typical "owl eye" intranuclear inclusion indicating CMV infection of a lung pneumocyte
Typical "owl eye" intranuclear inclusion indicating CMV infection of a lung pneumocyte[1]
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Duplodnaviria
Kingdom: Heunggongvirae
Phylum: Peploviricota
Class: Herviviricetes
Order: Herpesvirales
Family: Orthoherpesviridae
Subfamily: Betaherpesvirinae
Genus: Cytomegalovirus
Species

See text

Synonyms[2]
  • Human cytomegalovirus group

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (from cyto- 'cell' via Greek κύτος kútos- 'container' + μέγας mégas 'big, megalo-' + -virus via Latin vīrus 'poison') is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, in the family Herpesviridae,[3] in the subfamily Betaherpesvirinae. Humans and other primates serve as natural hosts. The 11 species in this genus include human betaherpesvirus 5 (HCMV, human cytomegalovirus, HHV-5), which is the species that infects humans. Diseases associated with HHV-5 include mononucleosis and pneumonia,[4][5] and congenital CMV in infants can lead to deafness and ambulatory problems.[6]

In the medical literature, most mentions of CMV without further specification refer implicitly to human CMV. Human CMV is the most studied of all cytomegaloviruses.[7]

MX2/MXB protein was identified as a restriction factor for herpesviruses, which acts at a very early stage of the replication cycle and MX2/MXB restriction of herpesvirus requires GTPase activity.[8]

  1. ^ Mattes FM, McLaughlin JE, Emery VC, Clark DA, Griffiths PD (August 2000). "Histopathological detection of owl's eye inclusions is still specific for cytomegalovirus in the era of human herpesviruses 6 and 7". Journal of Clinical Pathology. 53 (8): 612–4. doi:10.1136/jcp.53.8.612. PMC 1762915. PMID 11002765.
  2. ^ Francki RI, Fauquet CM, Knudson DL, Brown (1991). "Classification and nomenclature of viruses. Fifth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses" (PDF). Arch. Virol.: 107.
  3. ^ Anshu A, Tan D, Chee SP, Mehta JS, Htoon HM (August 2017). "Interventions for the management of CMV-associated anterior segment inflammation". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017 (8): CD011908. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011908.pub2. PMC 6483705. PMID 28838031.
  4. ^ "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  5. ^ "Virus Taxonomy: 2022 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2023. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
  6. ^ "Often overlooked, a common infection during pregnancy kickstarts a conversation about newborn screening". STAT. 5 April 2023. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  7. ^ Ryan KJ, Ray CG, eds. (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 556, 566–9. ISBN 978-0-8385-8529-0.
  8. ^ Staeheli P, Haller O (December 2018). "Human MX2/MxB: a Potent Interferon-Induced Postentry Inhibitor of Herpesviruses and HIV-1". Journal of Virology. 92 (24). doi:10.1128/JVI.00709-18. PMC 6258936. PMID 30258007.

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