Back دير المدينة Arabic دير المدينه ARZ Дэйр эль-Медына Byelorussian Deir al-Madinah Catalan Deir el-Medina CEB Dér el-Medína Czech Deir el-Medina Danish Deir el-Medina German Ντέιρ ελ-Μεντίνα Greek Deir el-Medina Esperanto
Coptic: ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ⲫⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲓⲥⲓⲇⲱⲣⲟⲥ ⲡⲙⲁⲣⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ | |
 Ruins of Deir el-Medina | |
  Location within Egypt | |
| Location | Luxor |
|---|---|
| Region | Upper Egypt |
| Coordinates | 25°43′44″N 32°36′05″E / 25.72889°N 32.60139°E |
| Part of | Theban necropolis |
| History | |
| Builder | Thutmose I |
| Site notes | |
| Archaeologists | Ernesto Schiaparelli (1905–09) Bernard Bruyère (1922–51) |
| Criteria | i, iii, vi |
| Designated | 1979 |
| Part of | Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis |
| Reference no. | 87 |
| Region | Egypt |
Deir el-Medina (Egyptian Arabic: دير المدينة), or Dayr al-Madīnah, is an ancient Egyptian workmen's village which was home to the artisans who worked on the tombs in the Valley of the Kings during the 18th to 20th Dynasties of the New Kingdom of Egypt (ca. 1550–1080 BCE).[1] The settlement's ancient name was Set maat ("Place of Truth"), and the workmen who lived there were called "Servants in the Place of Truth".[2] During the Christian era, the temple of Hathor was converted into a Monastery of Saint Isidorus the Martyr (Coptic: ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ⲫⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲓⲥⲓⲇⲱⲣⲟⲥ ⲡⲙⲁⲣⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ)[3] from which the Egyptian Arabic name Deir el-Medina ("Monastery of the City") is derived.[4]
At the time when the world's press was concentrating on Howard Carter's discovery of the Tomb of Tutankhamun in 1922, a team led by Bernard Bruyère began to excavate the site.[5] This work has resulted in one of the most thoroughly documented accounts of community life in the ancient world that spans almost four hundred years. There is no comparable site in which the organisation, social interactions, working and living conditions of a community can be studied in such detail.[6]
The site is located on the west bank of the Nile, across the river from modern-day Luxor.[7] The village is laid out in a small natural amphitheatre, within easy walking distance of the Valley of the Kings to the north, funerary temples to the east and south-east, with the Valley of the Queens to the west.[8] The village may have been built apart from the wider population in order to preserve secrecy in view of sensitive nature of the work carried out in the tombs.[9] It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[10]
- ^ Oakes, p. 110
- ^ Lesko, p. 7
- ^ "Monastery of Saint Isidorus Martyr". An Archaeological Atlas of Coptic Literature.
- ^ Bierbrier, p. 125
- ^ "Pharaoh's Workers: How the Israelites Lived in Egypt", Leonard and Barbara Lesko, Biblical Archaeological Review, Jan/Feb 1999
- ^ Cambridge Ancient History, p. 380
- ^ Lesko p. 2
- ^ Cambridge Ancient History, p. 379
- ^ "Archaeologica: the world's most significant sites and cultural treasures", Aedeen Cremin, p. 91, Frances Lincoln, 2007, ISBN 0-7112-2822-1
- ^ "Archaeologica: the world's most significant sites and cultural treasures", Aedeen Cremin, p. 384, Frances Lincoln, 2007, ISBN 0-7112-2822-1