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Deng Xiaoping's southern tour

Deng Xiaoping's southern tour
The statue of Deng Xiaoping on top of the Lianhuashan Park in Shenzhen, China
Simplified Chinese邓小平南巡
Traditional Chinese鄧小平南巡
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinDèng Xiǎopíng Nán Xún
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutpingdang6 siu2 ping4 naam4 ceon4
1992 southern tour
Chinese九二南巡
Literal meaning92 South Tour
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinJiǔ Èr Nán Xún
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutpinggau2 ji6 naam4 ceon4
History of the People's Republic of China
National emblem of the People's Republic of China
1949–1976: Mao era
1976–1989: Deng era
1989–2002: Jiang era
2002–2012: Hu era
2012–present: Xi era
flag China portal

Deng Xiaoping's southern tour (Chinese: 邓小平南巡), or 1992 southern tour (Chinese: 九二南巡), or simply Nanxun[1] (Chinese: 南巡) was the tour of Deng Xiaoping, the former paramount leader of China, in southern China, including in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Guangzhou and Shanghai, from January 18 to February 21, 1992.[2][3][4] The talks and remarks made by Deng during the tour resumed and reinforced the implementation of his "Reforms and Opening-up" program in mainland China, which had come to a halt after the military crackdown on 1989 Tiananmen Square protests ordered by Deng himself.[5][6][7][8] After Tiananmen Square, there was a lack of belief in the Chinese Communist Party both at home and abroad. The US and EU both issued arms embargos while the World Bank and Asian Development Bank stopped issuing loans to China. The 1992 Southern Tour is widely regarded as a critical point in the modern history of China, as it saved the Chinese economic reform as well as the capital market, and preserved societal stability.[9][10] It not only preserved stability inside of China, but it was reassuring to foreign countries who had begun to invest large amounts of money into China.

During the southern tour, Deng emphasized to several military leaders of the People's Liberation Army including Yang Shangkun, Liu Huaqing and Yang Baibing, that "those who do not promote reform should be brought down from their leadership positions", forcing Jiang Zemin, then General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), to support and continue the Reforms and Opening-up program.[11] He also wished that Guangdong province would catch up with the "Four Asian Tigers" in terms of economic development within 20 years.[12][13] Some of the notable remarks and comments from Deng during the tour included "I don't care if the cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice" (cat theory), which was originally published by him in 1960s, and "development is of overriding importance (发展才是硬道理)" as well as "[the Shenzhen government] should be bolder in carrying out the Reforms and Opening-up, dare to make experiments and should not act as women with bound feet".[14][15]

However, although Deng himself mentioned that anti-corruption must be imposed throughout the entire Reforms and Opening-up process and emphasized the importance of rule of law,[16][17] the Southern Tour did not resolve the corruption issue as well as the widening economic inequality in China, nor did it resume China's political reforms.[18][19][20][21]

  1. ^ Wong, John (June 2001). The Nanxun Legacy and China's Development in the Post-Deng Era. Singapore: World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-281-134-9.
  2. ^ "1992年邓小平南巡珍贵历史照片(组图)". People's Daily (in Chinese). 24 January 2014. Archived from the original on 21 July 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  3. ^ "鄧南巡講話20週年 官方低調". BBC (in Chinese). Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  4. ^ "邓小平南巡讲话（全文）". Phoenix New Media (in Chinese). 31 December 2011. Archived from the original on 2 June 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  5. ^ "Deng Xiaoping's Southern Tour" (PDF). Berkshire Publishing Group. 2009.
  6. ^ Ma, Damien (23 January 2012). "After 20 Years of 'Peaceful Evolution,' China Faces Another Historic Moment". The Atlantic. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  7. ^ "The inside story of the propaganda fightback for Deng's reforms". South China Morning Post. 14 November 2018. Archived from the original on 13 November 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  8. ^ Keck, Zachary. "Tiananmen: 'Deng Xiaoping Clearly Wanted to Make a Statement'". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 5 June 2014. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
  9. ^ "'How my father's speeches saved Chinese economic reform': Deng Xiaoping's daughter pays tribute". South China Morning Post. 21 August 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  10. ^ Zhao, Suisheng (1993). "Deng Xiaoping's Southern Tour: Elite Politics in Post-Tiananmen China". Asian Survey. 33 (8): 739–756. doi:10.2307/2645086. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2645086.
  11. ^ Liang, Wei (24 July 2016). "邓小平92年南巡时讲话：谁反对改革就让谁睡觉去". Phoenix New Media (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  12. ^ Sun, Lena H. (28 May 1992). "FLEXIBLE 'SOCIALISM' FUELS CHINESE GROWTH". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  13. ^ "广东GDP总量今年将超亚洲四小龙平均水平". Sina Corp (in Chinese). 20 July 2007. Archived from the original on 25 August 2007. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  14. ^ "The great pragmatist: Deng Xiaoping". The Guardian. 18 December 2008. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  15. ^ "改革开放胆子要大一些，敢于试验，不能像小脚女人一样". People's Daily (in Chinese). 19 August 2013. Archived from the original on 10 July 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  16. ^ "整个改革开放过程中都要反对腐败". People's Daily (in Chinese). 14 June 2016. Archived from the original on 11 July 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  17. ^ "对干部和共产党员来说，廉政建设要作为大事来抓". People's Daily (in Chinese). 19 January 2017. Archived from the original on 6 November 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  18. ^ Tong, Bao (3 June 2015). "Opinion | How Deng Xiaoping Helped Create a Corrupt China". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  19. ^ Wang, Yuhua. "Analysis | How has Tiananmen changed China?". Washington Post. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  20. ^ "北京话题 - 南巡讲话助中国经济起飞但政治后遗症严重". Radio France Internationale (in Simplified Chinese). 2 April 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  21. ^ Wu, Wei (22 December 2014). "80年代的政治改革为什么会失败？". The New York Times (in Chinese). Retrieved 1 May 2020.

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