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Dmanisi

Dmanisi
დმანისი
Town
Election administration office
Election administration office
Dmanisi is located in Georgia
Dmanisi
Dmanisi
Location of Dmanisi in Georgia
Dmanisi is located in Kvemo Kartli
Dmanisi
Dmanisi
Dmanisi (Kvemo Kartli)
Coordinates: 41°19′54″N 44°12′13″E / 41.33167°N 44.20361°E / 41.33167; 44.20361
Country Georgia
RegionKvemo Kartli
DistrictDmanisi
Elevation
1,250 m (4,100 ft)
Population
 (2024)[1]
 • Total3,050
Time zoneUTC+4 (Georgian Time)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+5
Map

Dmanisi (Georgian: დმანისი, romanized: dmanisi, pronounced [dmanisi], Azerbaijani: Başkeçid) is a town and archaeological site in the Kvemo Kartli region of Georgia approximately 93 km southwest of the nation’s capital Tbilisi in the river valley of Mashavera. The hominin site is dated to 1.8 million years ago.[2][3][4] It was the earliest known evidence of hominins outside Africa before stone tools dated to 2.1 million years were discovered in 2018 in Shangchen, China.[5][6]

A series of skulls which had diverse physical traits, discovered at Dmanisi in the early 2010s, led to the hypothesis that many separate species in the genus Homo were in fact a single lineage.[7][8] Also known as Skull 5, D4500 is the fifth skull to be discovered in Dmanisi.

  1. ^ "Population by regions". National Statistics Office of Georgia. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
  2. ^ 1.85-1.78 Ma 95% CI. Ferring, R.; Oms, O.; Agusti, J.; Berna, F.; Nioradze, M.; Shelia, T.; Tappen, M.; Vekua, A.; Zhvania, D.; Lordkipanidze, D. (2011). "Earliest human occupations at Dmanisi (Georgian Caucasus) dated to 1.85-1.78 Ma". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (26): 10432–10436. doi:10.1073/pnas.1106638108. PMC 3127884. PMID 21646521.
  3. ^ Garcia, T., Féraud, G., Falguères, C., de Lumley, H., Perrenoud, C., & Lordkipanidze, D. (2010). "Earliest human remains in Eurasia: New 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Dmanisi hominid-bearing levels, Georgia". Quaternary Geochronology, 5(4), 443–451. doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2009.09.012
  4. ^ Gabunia, Leo; Vekua, Abesalom; Lordkipanidze, David; Swisher, Carl C.; Ferring, Reid; Justus, Antje; Nioradze, Medea; Tvalchrelidze, Merab; Antón, Susan C.; Bosinski, Gerhard; Jöris, Olaf; Lumley, Marie-A.-de; Majsuradze, Givi; Mouskhelishvili, Aleksander (2000). "Earliest Pleistocene Hominid Cranial Remains from Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia: Taxonomy, Geological Setting, and Age". Science. 288 (5468): 1019–1025. doi:10.1126/science.288.5468.1019. PMID 10807567.
  5. ^ Zhu, Zhaoyu; Dennell, Robin; Huang, Weiwen; Wu, Yi; Qiu, Shifan; Yang, Shixia; Rao, Zhiguo; Hou, Yamei; Xie, Jiubing (2018-07-11). "Hominin occupation of the Chinese Loess Plateau since about 2.1 million years ago". Nature. 559 (7715): 608–612. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0299-4. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 29995848. S2CID 49670311.
  6. ^ Barras, Colin (2018-07-11). "Tools from China are oldest hint of human lineage outside Africa". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-05696-8. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 188286436.
  7. ^ New Fossil May Trim Branches of Human Evolution Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine, Science Friday, Oct 18, 2013.
  8. ^ "Dmanisi Human: Skull from Georgia Implies All Early Homo Species were One | Anthropology | Sci-News.com". Breaking Science News | Sci-News.com. Retrieved 2018-01-30.

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