Back Doctrinarisme Catalan Doctrinarismo Spanish Doktrinarismo Basque Doctrinaires (politique) French דוקטרינרים HE Dottrinario Italian Доктринёры Russian Доктринали Ukrainian
Doctrinals Doctrinaires | |
|---|---|
| Leader | Pierre Paul Royer-Collard François Guizot Duke of Broglie |
| Founded | 8 July 1815 |
| Dissolved | 1848 |
| Succeeded by | Movement Party Resistance Party |
| Newspaper | Le Censeur |
| Ideology | Chartism Classical liberalism[1][2] Conservative liberalism[3] Orléanism (minority) |
| Political position | Centre-left to centre-right[A] |
| Colours | Celeste |
^ A: The Docrinaires was one of the major monarchist parties during the Bourbon Restoration period. The Docrinaires were right-leaning compared to the more progressive centre-left Liberal Party, but were more moderate compared to the further right-wing Ultra-royalists. Additionally, most liberals during its existence were considered to belong closer to the political left. | |
During the Bourbon Restoration (1814–1830) and the July Monarchy (1830–1848), the Doctrinals (French: Doctrinaires) were a group of French royalists who hoped to reconcile the monarchy with the French Revolution and power with liberty. Headed by Royer-Collard, these liberal royalists were in favor of a constitutional monarchy, but with a heavily restricted census suffrage—Louis XVIII, who had been restored to the throne, had granted a Charter to the French with a Chamber of Peers and a Chamber of Deputies elected under tight electoral laws (only around 100,000 Frenchmen had at the time the right to vote). The Doctrinaires were a centrist,[4][5] as well as a conservative-liberal group,[3] but at that time, liberal was considered to be the mainstream political left, so the group was considered a centre-left group.[6][7]
During the July Monarchy, they were an intellectual and political group within the Resistance Party. Led by the Duke of Broglie and François Guizot, the Doctrinaires held powerful posts throughout the reign of Louis-Philippe. Broglie (1835–1836) and Guizot (1847–1848) were both Prime Ministers of France, although Guizot and the Doctrinaires dominated the political scenery during the premiership of Marshal Jean-de-Dieu Soult (1840–1847).[8]
- ^ Ralph Raico, ed. (2012). Classical Liberalism and the Austrian School. Ludwig von Mises Institute. p. 274.
- ^ Katherine Harloe; Neville Morley, eds. (2012). Thucydides and the Modern World: Reception, Reinterpretation and Influence from the Renaissance to the Present. Cambridge University Press. p. 59.
Post-revolutionary French liberals (Thermidorians and doctrinaires) devised the theory of the dichotomy between ancient liberty and modern liberty as a reaction against eighteenth-century republican ideology and its devastating consequences.
- ^ a b Doctrinaires is described as a "conservative liberal" party by numerous sources:
- Robert Tombs, ed. (2014). France 1814 - 1914. Routledge. ISBN 9781317871439.
... The conservative liberal Doctrinaires argued that the classe moyenne (their preferred term) was the representative part of the nation, and could legitimately govern on behalf of all. All this placed the idea of class at the centre of ...
- Alan Kahan, ed. (2003). Liberalism in Nineteenth Century Europe: The Political Culture of Limited Suffrage. Springer. p. 36. ISBN 9781317871439.
... After 1835 even some of the right-liberal 'doctrinaires,' e.g. Rémusat, moved from resistance to movement, a development which ...
- Sudhir Hazareesingh, ed. (2015). How the French Think: An Affectionate Portrait of an Intellectual People. Penguin UK. ISBN 9780141974804.
... different but no less authoritarian (and metaphysical) form of Cartesian rationalism was invoked by the Doctrinaires, a collection of thinkers who shaped the conservative liberal politics of the July Monarchy between 1830 and 1848. ...
- Robert Tombs, ed. (2014). France 1814 - 1914. Routledge. ISBN 9781317871439.
- ^ Craiutu, Aurelian (2003). Liberalism under Siege: The Political Thought of the French Doctrinaires. Lexington Books. p. 9.
- ^ Takeda, Chinatsu (2018). Mme de Staël and Political Liberalism in France. Springer. pp. 226–227.
- ^ Maria Fairweather, ed. (2013). Madame de Stael. Hachette UK. ISBN 9781472113306.
... the chief theorist of the left, which included La Fayette and Manuel, known in the Chamber of Deputies as the Independants. The new generation of liberals on the centre left, the Doctrinaires, who now gathered around Madamede Staël, ...
- ^ Michael J. LaMonica, ed. (2014). French Revolutions For Beginners. For Beginners, LLC. p. 140. ISBN 9781934389911.
The effort was a success, bringing the Doctrinaires to power, a center-left party that tried to reconcile a constitutional monarchy with the gains of the Revolution.
- ^ H. A. C Collingham (1988). The July Monarchy: A Political History of France 1830-1848.