Domestic violence in same-sex relationships

The purple ribbon promotes awareness of domestic violence.

Domestic violence in same-sex relationships or intragender violence^[1] is a pattern of violence or abuse that occurs within same-sex relationships. Domestic violence is an issue that affects people of any sexuality, but there are issues that affect victims of same-sex domestic violence specifically.^[2] These issues include homophobia, internalized homophobia, HIV and AIDS stigma, STD risk and other health issues, lack of legal support, and the violence they face being considered less serious than heterosexual domestic violence.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12] Moreover, the issue of domestic violence in same-sex relationships has not been studied as comprehensively as domestic violence in heterosexual relationships.^[13] However, there are legal changes being made to help victims of domestic violence in same-sex relationships, as well as organizations that cater specifically to victims of domestic violence in same-sex relationships.^[14]^[15]^[16]

^ Rivero Santamarina, Diana; Meso Ayerdi, Koldobika; Martínez Odriozola, Lucia (2015). "Intragender violence, a new challenge for correct news coverage". Contemporanea. 13 (3): 636–658.
^ Duke, Alysondra; Davidson, Meghan M. (2009) [2009]. "Same-sex intimate partner violence: Lesbian, gay, and bisexual affirmative outreach and advocacy". Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma. 18 (8): 795–816. doi:10.1080/10926770903291787. S2CID 144800211.
^ Anderson, Kristin L. "Theorizing gender in intimate partner violence research." Sex roles 52, no. 11-12 (2005): 853-865.
^ Barnes, Patricia G. "'It's Just a Quarrel': Some states offer no domestic violence protection to gays." ABA Journal 84, no. 2 (1998): 24-25.
^ Craft, Shonda M.; Serovich, Julianne M. (2005). "Family-of-origin factors and partner violence in the intimate relationships of gay men who are HIV positive". Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 20 (7): 777–791. doi:10.1177/0886260505277101. PMC 1255964. PMID 15914700.
^ Heintz, Adam Jackson; Melendez, Rita M. (2006). "Intimate partner violence and HIV/STD risk among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals". Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 21 (2): 193–208. doi:10.1177/0886260505282104. PMID 16368761. S2CID 35404907.
^ Houston, Eric; McKirnan, David J. (2007). "Intimate partner abuse among gay and bisexual men: risk correlates and health outcomes". Journal of Urban Health. 84 (5): 681–690. doi:10.1007/s11524-007-9188-0. PMC 2231846. PMID 17610158.
^ Helfrich, Christine A., and Emily K. Simpson. "Improving services for lesbian clients: What do domestic violence agencies need to do?." Health care for women international 27, no. 4 (2006): 344-361.
^ McKenry, Patrick C.; Serovich, Julianne M.; Mason, Tina L.; Mosack, Katie (2006). "Perpetration of Gay and Lesbian Partner Violence: A Disempowerment Perspective". Journal of Family Violence. 21 (4): 233–243. doi:10.1007/s10896-006-9020-8. S2CID 46111427.
^ Pattavina, April; Hirschel, David; Buzawa, Eve; Faggiani, Don; Bentley, Helen (2007). "A comparison of the police response to heterosexual versus same-sex intimate partner violence". Violence Against Women. 13 (4): 374–394. doi:10.1177/1077801207299206. PMID 17420516. S2CID 22181292.
^ Poorman, Paula B., Eric P. Seelau, and Sheila M. Seelau. "Perceptions of domestic abuse in same-sex relationships and implications for criminal justice and mental health responses." Violence and Victims 18, no. 6 (2003): 659-669.
^ Sorenson, Susan B.; Thomas Kristie, A. (2009). "Views of Intimate Partner Violence in Same- and Opposite-Sex Relationships". Journal of Marriage and Family. 71 (2): 337–52. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00602.x. JSTOR 40262883.
^ Murray, Christine E.; Mobley, A. Keith (2009). "Empirical research about same-sex intimate partner violence: A methodological review" (PDF). Journal of Homosexuality. 56 (3): 361–386. doi:10.1080/00918360902728848. PMID 19319742. S2CID 1376844.
^ Cite error: The named reference :10 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference :13 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference :9 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[1] Rivero Santamarina, Diana; Meso Ayerdi, Koldobika; Martínez Odriozola, Lucia (2015). "Intragender violence, a new challenge for correct news coverage". Contemporanea. 13 (3): 636–658.

[:5-2] Duke, Alysondra; Davidson, Meghan M. (2009) [2009]. "Same-sex intimate partner violence: Lesbian, gay, and bisexual affirmative outreach and advocacy". Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma. 18 (8): 795–816. doi:10.1080/10926770903291787. S2CID 144800211.

[:7-3] Anderson, Kristin L. "Theorizing gender in intimate partner violence research." Sex roles 52, no. 11-12 (2005): 853-865.

[:1-4] Barnes, Patricia G. "'It's Just a Quarrel': Some states offer no domestic violence protection to gays." ABA Journal 84, no. 2 (1998): 24-25.

[:2-5] Craft, Shonda M.; Serovich, Julianne M. (2005). "Family-of-origin factors and partner violence in the intimate relationships of gay men who are HIV positive". Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 20 (7): 777–791. doi:10.1177/0886260505277101. PMC 1255964. PMID 15914700.

[:3-6] Heintz, Adam Jackson; Melendez, Rita M. (2006). "Intimate partner violence and HIV/STD risk among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals". Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 21 (2): 193–208. doi:10.1177/0886260505282104. PMID 16368761. S2CID 35404907.

[7] Houston, Eric; McKirnan, David J. (2007). "Intimate partner abuse among gay and bisexual men: risk correlates and health outcomes". Journal of Urban Health. 84 (5): 681–690. doi:10.1007/s11524-007-9188-0. PMC 2231846. PMID 17610158.

[8] Helfrich, Christine A., and Emily K. Simpson. "Improving services for lesbian clients: What do domestic violence agencies need to do?." Health care for women international 27, no. 4 (2006): 344-361.

[:4-9] McKenry, Patrick C.; Serovich, Julianne M.; Mason, Tina L.; Mosack, Katie (2006). "Perpetration of Gay and Lesbian Partner Violence: A Disempowerment Perspective". Journal of Family Violence. 21 (4): 233–243. doi:10.1007/s10896-006-9020-8. S2CID 46111427.

[:6-10] Pattavina, April; Hirschel, David; Buzawa, Eve; Faggiani, Don; Bentley, Helen (2007). "A comparison of the police response to heterosexual versus same-sex intimate partner violence". Violence Against Women. 13 (4): 374–394. doi:10.1177/1077801207299206. PMID 17420516. S2CID 22181292.

[11] Poorman, Paula B., Eric P. Seelau, and Sheila M. Seelau. "Perceptions of domestic abuse in same-sex relationships and implications for criminal justice and mental health responses." Violence and Victims 18, no. 6 (2003): 659-669.

[12] Sorenson, Susan B.; Thomas Kristie, A. (2009). "Views of Intimate Partner Violence in Same- and Opposite-Sex Relationships". Journal of Marriage and Family. 71 (2): 337–52. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00602.x. JSTOR 40262883.

[:8-13] Murray, Christine E.; Mobley, A. Keith (2009). "Empirical research about same-sex intimate partner violence: A methodological review" (PDF). Journal of Homosexuality. 56 (3): 361–386. doi:10.1080/00918360902728848. PMID 19319742. S2CID 1376844.

[:10-14] Cite error: The named reference :10 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:13-15] Cite error: The named reference :13 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:9-16] Cite error: The named reference :9 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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