East Beirut canton إقليم شرق بيروت Eqleem Sharq Beyrut | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1976–13 October 1990 | |||||||||
 Flag of the Lebanese Forces militia | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
| Status | Militia controlled territory | ||||||||
| Capital | Jounieh | ||||||||
| Common languages | Arabic | ||||||||
| Religion | Christianity | ||||||||
| Government | |||||||||
• Governed by | Lebanese Forces | ||||||||
| Historical era | Lebanese Civil War | ||||||||
• Formation | 1976 | ||||||||
| 1978 | |||||||||
| 1982 | |||||||||
| 1986 | |||||||||
| 1989–1990 | |||||||||
• Taif agreement and the end of the Lebanese Civil War | 13 October 1990 | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• | 800,000 | ||||||||
| Currency | Lebanese Pound | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Lebanon | ||||||||
The East Beirut canton, also known as Kfarshima - Madfoun[1] or Marounistan,[2] was a Christian militia controlled territory that existed in Lebanon from 1976[3] until its gradual erosion following the Taif Agreement and the end of the country's civil war.[4] It was one of the wartime state-like territories, controlled by the Lebanese Forces (LF) militia, and was separated in the Lebanese capital, Beirut, from Muslim majority West Beirut by the Green Line, extending outside the capital northward to include the region of Keserwan up till the city of Byblos on the western coast and the northern part of Mount Lebanon to the northeast. It bordered the Zgharta region to the north, which was controlled by a rival Christian militia, the Marada Brigade which controlled a canton known as the Northern canton.[5][6][7]
East Beirut was a semi-independent region, from which Syrian troops stationed in Lebanon were mostly absent.[8] It had its own security and legal apparatus, with the LF also providing the local population with subsidized services, including public transport, education and healthcare among others.[9] The canton had more than 60% of the country's industrial capacity.[10] In 1976, to finance its war effort, the LF established the "National Treasury" in order to manage its revenue, mainly through direct taxation of the canton's population, among other sources.[11]
- ^ "Geagea : Ceux qui m'avaient emprisonné sont aujourd'hui eux-mêmes derrière les barreaux".
- ^ East, Milton Viorst; Milton Viorst is a Washington writer who frequently reports on the Middle (1983-10-02). "A Solution: The 4 Nations of Lebanon". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2022-06-19.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Yom 2016, para 2.
- ^ Kingston & Spears 2004, p. 93.
- ^ Kingston & Spears 2004, p. 87.
- ^ Barak, The Lebanese Army – A National institution in a divided society (2009), pp. 100-101.
- ^ Traboulsi, Fawwaz (2012), "The Longest Coup d'état (1977–1982)", A History of Modern Lebanon, Pluto Press, pp. 211–225, doi:10.2307/j.ctt183p4f5.18, ISBN 978-0-7453-3274-1, JSTOR j.ctt183p4f5.18, retrieved 2022-06-19
- ^ Evron 2013, p. 60.
- ^ Kingston & Spears 2004, p. 88.
- ^ Ayalon & Harris 1991, p. 504.
- ^ Kingston & Spears 2004, p. 89.