![]() Warsaw, central business district | |
Currency | Złoty (PLN, zł) |
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Calendar year | |
Trade organisations | EU, WTO and OECD |
Country group |
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Statistics | |
Population | ![]() |
GDP | |
GDP rank | |
GDP growth |
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GDP per capita | |
GDP per capita rank | |
GDP by sector |
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Population below poverty line | |
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Labour force | |
Labour force by occupation |
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Unemployment | |
Average gross salary | 7,767 zł / €1,783 monthly |
5,625 zł / €1,291 monthly | |
Main industries |
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External | |
Exports | ![]() |
Export goods | vehicle parts/accessories, plastic products, garments, electric batteries, computers (2022) |
Main export partners |
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Imports | ![]() |
Import goods | garments, crude petroleum, cars, vehicle parts/accessories, plastic products (2022) |
Main import partners | |
FDI stock | |
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Gross external debt | ![]() |
Public finances | |
Revenues | 41.6% of GDP (2023)[17] |
Expenses | 46.7% of GDP (2023)[17] |
Economic aid |
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All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars. |
The economy of Poland is a industrialized, developed market with a mixed economy that serves as the sixth-largest in the European Union by nominal GDP and fifth-largest by GDP (PPP).[24] Since 1988, Poland has pursued a policy of economic liberalisation but retained an advanced public welfare system. It is classified as a high-income economy by the World Bank,[25] ranking 20th worldwide in terms of GDP (PPP), 21st in terms of GDP (nominal), and 21st in the 2023 Economic Complexity Index.[26] Among OECD nations, Poland has a highly efficient and strong social security system; social expenditure stood at roughly 22.7% of GDP.[27][28][29]
The largest component of Poland's economy is the service sector (62.3%), followed by industry (34.2%) and agriculture (3.5%). Following the economic reform of 1989, Poland's external debt has increased from $42.2 billion in 1989 to $365.2 billion in 2014. Poland shipped US$224.6 billion worth of goods around the globe in 2017, while exports increased to US$221.4 billion. The country's top export goods include machinery, electronic equipment, vehicles, furniture, and plastics. Poland was the only economy in the EU to avoid a recession through the 2007–08 economic downturn.[30]
As of 2019, the Polish economy had been growing steadily for 28 years, a record high in the EU. This record was only surpassed by Australia in the world economy.[31] GDP per capita at purchasing power parity has grown on average by 6% p.a. over the last 20 years, the highest in Central Europe. Poland's GDP has increased seven-fold since 1990.[32][33][34]