Back آثار تغير المناخ على الصحة النفسية Arabic Dampak dari perubahan iklim terhadap kesehatan mental ID

Effects of climate change on mental health

Smoke in Sydney (Australia) from large bushfires in 2019 affected some people's mental health in a direct way. The likelihood of wildfires is increased by climate change.

The effects of climate change on mental health and wellbeing are being documented as the consequences of climate change become more tangible and impactful. This is especially the case for vulnerable populations and those with pre-existing serious mental illness.[1] There are three broad pathways by which these effects can take place: directly, indirectly or via awareness.[2] The direct pathway includes stress-related conditions caused by exposure to extreme weather events. These include post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Scientific studies have linked mental health to several climate-related exposures. These include heat, humidity, rainfall, drought, wildfires and floods.[3] The indirect pathway can be disruption to economic and social activities. An example is when an area of farmland is less able to produce food.[3] The third pathway can be of mere awareness of the climate change threat, even by individuals who are not otherwise affected by it.[2] This especially manifests in the form of anxiety over the quality of life for future generations.[4]

An additional aspect to consider is the detrimental impact climate change can have on green or blue natural spaces, which have been proven to have beneficial impact on mental health.[5][6] Impacts of anthropogenic climate change, such as freshwater pollution or deforestation, degrade these landscapes and reduce public access to them.[7] Even when the green and blue spaces are intact, their accessibility is not equal across society, which is an issue of environmental justice and economic inequality.[8]

Mental health outcomes have been measured by several different indicators. These include psychiatric hospital admissions, mortality, self-harm and suicide rates. People with pre-existing mental illness, Indigenous peoples, migrants and refugees, and children and adolescents are especially vulnerable. The emotional responses to the threat of climate change can include eco-anxiety, ecological grief and eco-anger.[9][10] Such emotions can be rational responses to the degradation of the natural world and may lead to adaptive action.[11]

Assessing the exact mental health effects of climate change is difficult; increases in heat extremes pose risks to mental health which can manifest themselves in increased mental health-related hospital admissions and suicidality.[12]: 9 

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference clayton was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference berry2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b Charlson F, Ali S, Benmarhnia T, Pearl M, Massazza A, Augustinavicius J, et al. (2021). "Climate Change and Mental Health: A Scoping Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18 (9): 4486. doi:10.3390/ijerph18094486. PMC 8122895. PMID 33922573. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
  4. ^ Sakakibara C (2008-10-01). ""our Home is Drowning": IÑupiat Storytelling and Climate Change in Point Hope, Alaskalaska*". Geographical Review. 98 (4): 473. doi:10.1111/j.1931-0846.2008.tb00312.x. ISSN 0016-7428.
  5. ^ White M, Smith A, Humphryes K, Pahl S, Snelling D, Depledge M (2010-12-01). "Blue space: The importance of water for preference, affect, and restorativeness ratings of natural and built scenes". Journal of Environmental Psychology. 30 (4): 482–493. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.04.004. ISSN 0272-4944.
  6. ^ Alcock I, White MP, Wheeler BW, Fleming LE, Depledge MH (2014-01-21). "Longitudinal Effects on Mental Health of Moving to Greener and Less Green Urban Areas". Environmental Science & Technology. 48 (2): 1247–1255. Bibcode:2014EnST...48.1247A. doi:10.1021/es403688w. hdl:10871/15080. ISSN 0013-936X. PMID 24320055.
  7. ^ Cuijpers P, Miguel C, Ciharova M, Kumar M, Brander L, Kumar P, et al. (February 2023). "Impact of climate events, pollution, and green spaces on mental health: an umbrella review of meta-analyses". Psychological Medicine. 53 (3): 638–653. doi:10.1017/S0033291722003890. ISSN 0033-2917. PMC 9975983. PMID 36606450. S2CID 255467995.
  8. ^ Hoffimann E, Barros H, Ribeiro AI (August 2017). "Socioeconomic Inequalities in Green Space Quality and Accessibility—Evidence from a Southern European City". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 14 (8): 916. doi:10.3390/ijerph14080916. ISSN 1661-7827. PMC 5580619. PMID 28809798.
  9. ^ Vakoch DA, Mickey S, eds. (2023). Eco-Anxiety and Pandemic Distress: Psychological Perspectives on Resilience and Interconnectedness. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-762267-4.
  10. ^ Vakoch DA, Mickey S, eds. (2022). Eco-Anxiety and Planetary Hope: Experiencing the Twin Disasters of Covid-19 and Climate Change. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. ISBN 978-3-031-08430-0.
  11. ^ Ojala M, Cunsolo A, Ogunbode CA, Middleton J (18 October 2021). "Anxiety, Worry, and Grief in a Time of Environmental and Climate Crisis: A Narrative Review". Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 46 (1): 35–58. doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-022716. S2CID 236307729.
  12. ^ Romanello M, McGushin A, Di Napoli C, Drummond P, Hughes N, Jamart L, et al. (30 October 2021). "The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future" (PDF). The Lancet. 398 (10311): 1619–1662. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01787-6. hdl:10278/3746207. PMID 34687662. S2CID 239046862.

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