Back Smarag Afrikaans Esmeralda AN Grēneġimm ANG زمرد Arabic زمرد ARZ Esmeralda AST Зумруд AV Zümrüd Azerbaijani Зөбәржәт Bashkir Smarogt BAR
| Emerald | |
|---|---|
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| General | |
| Category | Beryl variety |
| Formula (repeating unit) | Be3Al2(SiO3)6 |
| Crystal system | Hexagonal (6/m 2/m 2/m) Space group: P6/mсc |
| Space group | (6/m 2/m 2/m) – dihexagonal dipyramidal |
| Unit cell | a = 9.21 Å, c = 9.19 Å; Z = 2 |
| Identification | |
| Formula mass | 537.50 |
| Color | Bluish green to green |
| Crystal habit | Massive to well Crystalline |
| Cleavage | Imperfect on the [0001] |
| Fracture | Conchoidal |
| Mohs scale hardness | 7.5–8 |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Streak | White |
| Diaphaneity | Transparent to opaque |
| Specific gravity | Average 2.76 |
| Optical properties | Uniaxial (−) |
| Refractive index | nω = 1.564–1.595, nε = 1.568–1.602 |
| Birefringence | δ = 0.0040–0.0070 |
| Ultraviolet fluorescence | None (some fracture-filling materials used to improve emerald's clarity do fluoresce, but the stone itself does not) |
| References | [1] |
Emerald is a gemstone and a variety of the mineral beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) colored green by trace amounts of chromium or sometimes vanadium.[2] Beryl has a hardness of 7.5–8 on the Mohs scale.[2] Most emeralds have many inclusions,[3] so their toughness (resistance to breakage) is classified as generally poor. Emerald is a cyclosilicate.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Mindatwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Hurlbut, Cornelius S. Jr., and Kammerling, Robert C. (1991). Gemology, John Wiley & Sons, New York, p. 203, ISBN 0-471-52667-3.
- ^ "Emerald Quality Factors". Gemological Institute of America. Archived from the original on 2 November 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2016.