Back Empire du Kitara French Daular Kitara Hausa Impero Kitara Italian Kitaros imperija Lithuanian Império de Quitara Portuguese Империя Китара Russian Kitara Swedish Dola la Kitara Swahili Китара Ukrainian کتارا سلطنت Urdu

Empire of Kitara

For the Biito kingdom that claims inheritance of Kitara, see Bunyoro.
Empire of Kitara
Kitara kya Nyamenge (Nyoro)[a]
Approximate extent of Kitara under Wamara per D. H. Apuuli:[1]
  Legendary extent (according to some Banyoro oral traditions but contradicted by those of other groups)
  Probable extent (according to archaeological evidence)
CapitalPer legends:
Common languagesProto-North Rutara[8][9]: 82 
Religion
Demonym(s)
  • Munyakitara (pl. Banyakitara)
  • Mukitara (pl. Bakitara)
  • (Kitaran)[10]
Establishment
• Tembuzi dynasty
  • c. 1000 – c. 1200 (according to C. A. Buchanan)[3]: 116 
  • c. 1000/1100 – c. 1300 (according to J. P. Gorju)[2]: 161 [7]: 7 
• Chwezi dynasty
  • c. 1200 – c. 1400 (according to C. A. Buchanan)[3]: 116 
  • c. 1350 – c. 1400 (according to E. I. Steinhart)[10]: 356 
  • c. 1300 – c. 1500 (according to D. K. Jordan)[11]
  • c. 1300 – c. mid/late 1600s (according to J. P. Gorju)[2]: 161 [7]: 7 
  • c. 1300 – c. 1400 (according to K.W.)[12]: 44–50 [7]: 25 
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Urewe
Bunyoro
Buganda
Ankole
Today part ofUganda, Democratic republic of congo, Tanzania, Rwanda and Kenya.[13][14]
A map of various pre-colonial African states from different periods, including Kitara, but with a bias towards West and North Africa.

Kitara[b] (sometimes spelt as Kittara[15] or Kitwara,[16][3] also known as the Chwezi Empire[5]) was an ancient[c] legendary state that covered significant parts of western Uganda and is regularly mentioned in the oral traditions of the Banyoro, Batooro and Banyankole.[24][25][26]


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  1. ^ Apuuli, David Hihumuro (1994). A Thousand Years of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom - The People and the Rulers. Fountain Publishers.
  2. ^ a b c Gorju, Julien P. (1920). Entre le Victoria, I'Albert et I'Edouard: ethnographie de la partie anglaise du vicariat de l'Uganda: origines, histoire, religion, coutumes [Among Victoria, Albert and Edward: ethnography of the English part of the vicariate of Uganda: origins, history, religion, customs] (in French). Rennes: Imprimerie Oberthur.
  3. ^ a b c d e Buchanan, Carole Ann (1974). The Kitara complex: the historical tradition of western Uganda to the 16th century (PDF) (Thesis). Indiana University.
  4. ^ a b c Nyakatura, John W. (1973). Uzoigwe, Godfrey N. (ed.). Anatomy of an African Kingdom: A History of Bunyoro-Kitara (PDF). Translated by Muganwa, Teopista (English ed.). New York City, New York, USA: NOK Publishers, Ltd. ISBN 0-88357-025-4.
  5. ^ a b Chrétien, Jean-Pierre (1985). "L'empire des Bacwezi: La construction d'un imaginaire géopolitique" [The Bacwezi empire: The construction of a geopolitical imagination]. Annales. Économies, sociétés, civilisations. 40 (6): 1335–1377. doi:10.3406/ahess.1985.283241. S2CID 126663125.
  6. ^ Beattie, John (1971). The Nyoro State. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198231714.
  7. ^ a b c d Dunbar, Archibald Ranulph (1965-01-01). A History of Bunyoro-Kitara. Oxford University Press.
  8. ^ Schoenbrun, David (1990). Early history in eastern Africa's Great Lakes region: linguistic, ecological, and archaeological approaches. ca. 500 B.C. to ca. A.D. 1000 (PhD thesis). University of California.
  9. ^ Muzale, Henry R. T. (June 1998). A Reconstruction of the Proto-Rutara Tense/Aspect System. University of Newfoundland. ISBN 0-612-36209-4.
  10. ^ a b Steinhart, Edward I. (1981). "Chapter 18: From 'Empire' to State: The Emergence of the Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara: c. 1350-1890". In Claessen, Henri J. M.; Skalník, Peter (eds.). The Study of the State.
  11. ^ Jordan, D. K. (2007-07-13). "Organization & Mystification in an African Kingdom". Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  12. ^ Sykes, J. "The Eclipse at Biharwe". Uganda Journal. 23.
  13. ^ Katoke, Israel (1970). "The country". The Making of the Karagwe Kingdom (PDF). East African Publishing House.
  14. ^ Ogot, Bethwell Allan (1984). "The Great Lakes region". General History of Africa: Volume 4 (PDF). UNESCO Publishing. p. 507.
  15. ^ Speke, John Hanning (1864). Journal of the discovery of the source of the Nile. Robarts - University of Toronto. New York : Harper.
  16. ^ Driberg, J. H. (1931). Gala colonists and the lake regions of Africa.
  17. ^ Doyle, Shane (July 2006). "From Kitara to the Lost Counties: Genealogy, Land and Legitimacy in the Kingdom of Bunyoro, Western Uganda". Social Identities. 12 (4): 457–470. doi:10.1080/13504630600823684.
  18. ^ Tantala, Renee Louise (1989). The early history of Kitara in western Uganda: Process models of religious and political change (Thesis). ProQuest 303784585.[page needed]
  19. ^ Sutton, J. E. G. (March 1993). "The Antecedents of the Interlacustrine Kingdoms". The Journal of African History. 34 (1): 33–64. doi:10.1017/S0021853700032990.
  20. ^ Beattie, John (July 1971). "Twilight Tales of the Black Baganda: The Traditional History of Bunyoro-Kitara, a Former Ugandan Kingdom. By Ruth Fisher. Edited and with a new Introduction by Merrick Posnansky. London: Cass, 1970. Pp. xliv + 198, ill., bibl., maps. £3.75". Africa. 41 (3): 251–252. doi:10.2307/1158846. JSTOR 1158846.
  21. ^ Schoenbrun, David L. (March 1993). "We Are What We Eat: Ancient Agriculture Between the Great Lakes". The Journal of African History. 34 (1): 1–31. doi:10.1017/S0021853700032989.
  22. ^ Doyle, Shane (2016). "Bunyoro-Kitara, Kingdom of". The Encyclopedia of Empire. pp. 1–3. doi:10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe078. ISBN 978-1-118-44064-3.
  23. ^ Kamuhangire, Ephraim (2003). Impact of change and diverse perceptions: "Conflicts of meaning and interpretations - Ntusi and Bigo Bya Mugyenyi archaeological sites in Uganda. Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe. p. 1.
  24. ^ Bernsten, Jan (March 1998). "Runyakitara: Uganda's 'New' Language". Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 19 (2): 93–107. doi:10.1080/01434639808666345.
  25. ^ Tantala, Renee Louis (1989). The Early History of Kitara in Western Uganda: Process Models of Religious and Political Change, Volume 1. University of Wisconsin–Madison.
  26. ^ Balyage, Yona (2000-07-12). "Ethnicity and ethnic conflict in the great lakes region". Bugema University.

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