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Entognatha

Entognatha
Proturan specimen (Acerentomon sp.)
Proturan specimen (Acerentomon sp.)
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Clade: Pancrustacea
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Class: Entognatha
Groups included
Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa

Insecta (insects)

Diplura, a Two-pronged Bristletail — not closely related to three-pronged bristletails in the Archaeognatha
Collembola, family Sminthuridae

The Entognatha are a class of wingless and ametabolous arthropods, which, together with the insects, makes up the subphylum Hexapoda.[1][2] Their mouthparts are entognathous, meaning that they are retracted within the head, unlike the insects.[1] Entognatha are apterous, meaning that they lack wings. The class contains three orders: Collembola (springtails, 9000 species),[3] Diplura ("two-tail", 1000 species)[4] and Protura ("first-tail", 800 species).[5][1][2] These three groups were historically united with the now-obsolete order Thysanura to form the class Apterygota, but it has since been recognized that the hexapodous condition of these animals has evolved independently from that of insects, and independently within each order.[6] The orders might not be closely related, and Entognatha is now considered to be a paraphyletic group.[2]

  1. ^ a b c David A. Grimaldi & Michael S. Engel (2005). "Arthropods and the origin of insects". Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press. pp. 93–118. ISBN 978-0-521-82149-0.
  2. ^ a b c P. J. Gullan, Peter Cranston (2010). "Insect systematics: phylogeny and classification". The Insects: An Outline of Entomology (4th ed.). John Wiley and Sons. pp. 189–222. ISBN 978-1-4443-3036-6.
  3. ^ Ospina-Sánchez, C. M.; Soto-Adames, F. N.; González, G. (2020). "Checklist and distribution of Collembola from Greater Puerto Rico". Biodiversity Data Journal. 8: e52054. doi:10.3897/BDJ.8.e52054. PMC 7365838. PMID 32733139.
  4. ^ Sendra, Alberto; Jiménez-Valverde, Alberto; Selfa, Jesús; Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S. (2021). "Diversity, ecology, distribution and biogeography of Diplura". Insect Conservation and Diversity. 14 (4): 415–425. doi:10.1111/icad.12480. hdl:10550/82616.
  5. ^ Galli, L.; Shrubovych, J.; Bu, Y.; Zinni, M. (2018). "Genera of the Protura of the World: Diagnosis, Distribution, and Key". ZooKeys (772): 1–45. Bibcode:2018ZooK..772....1G. doi:10.3897/zookeys.772.24410. PMC 6045683. PMID 30018507.
  6. ^ Alessandro Minelli (2009). "A gallery of the major bilaterian clades". Perspectives in Animal Phylogeny and Evolution. Oxford University Press. pp. 71–109. ISBN 978-0-19-856620-5.

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