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Eric Dolphy

Eric Dolphy
A black-and-white photo of Dolphy seated, wearing a suit
Background information
Birth nameEric Allan Dolphy Jr.
Born(1928-06-20)June 20, 1928
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
DiedJune 29, 1964(1964-06-29) (aged 36)
West Berlin
Genres
Occupations
Instruments
Years active1949–1964
Labels
Websitewww.bluenote.com/artist/eric-dolphy/
EducationLos Angeles City College

Eric Allan Dolphy Jr. (June 20, 1928 – June 29, 1964) was an American jazz multi-instrumentalist, composer, and bandleader. Primarily an alto saxophonist, bass clarinetist, and flautist,[1] Dolphy was one of several multi-instrumentalists to gain prominence during the same era. His use of the bass clarinet helped to establish the unconventional instrument within jazz.[2][3] Dolphy extended the vocabulary and boundaries of the alto saxophone, and was among the earliest significant jazz flute soloists.[4][3]

His improvisational style was characterized by the use of wide intervals, in addition to employing an array of extended techniques to emulate the sounds of human voices and animals.[5][6][7] He used melodic lines that were "angular, zigzagging from interval to interval, taking hairpin turns at unexpected junctures, making dramatic leaps from the lower to the upper register."[6] Although Dolphy's work is sometimes classified as free jazz, his compositions and solos were often rooted in conventional (if highly abstracted) tonal bebop harmony.[8][9][10]

  1. ^ Porter, Lewis (2001). "Dolphy, Eric (Allan)". In Kuhn, Laura (ed.). Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians. Vol. 2. New York: G. Schirmer, Inc. p. 903. OCLC 313884977.
  2. ^ Stephans, Michael (2013). Experiencing Jazz: A Listener's Companion. The Scarecrow Press. p. 237.
  3. ^ a b Erlewine, Michael; Bogdanov, Vladimir; Woodstra, Chris; Yanow, Scott, eds. (1996). All Music Guide to Jazz (2nd ed.). Miller Freeman. p. 205.
  4. ^ Stephans, Michael (2013). Experiencing Jazz: A Listener's Companion. The Scarecrow Press. pp. 234–235.
  5. ^ Stephans, Michael (2013). Experiencing Jazz: A Listener's Companion. The Scarecrow Press. p. 199.
  6. ^ a b Gioia, Ted (2011). The History of Jazz. Oxford University Press. p. 280.
  7. ^ Feather, Leonard; Gitler, Ira (1999). "Dolphy, Eric Allan". The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 186.
  8. ^ Williams, Martin (1993). The Jazz Tradition. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 249–250.
  9. ^ Deveaux, Scott; Giddins, Gary (2009). Jazz. W.W. Norton. p. 424.
  10. ^ Such, David (1993). Avant-Garde Jazz Musicians: Performing "Out There". Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. pp. 59–61.

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