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| Paradigms | Multi-paradigm: concurrent, functional, object oriented |
|---|---|
| Designed by |
|
| Developer | Ericsson |
| First appeared | 1986 |
| Stable release | 27.1.2[1] 
/ 17 October 2024 |
| Typing discipline | Dynamic, strong |
| License | Apache License 2.0 |
| Filename extensions | .erl, .hrl |
| Website | www |
| Major implementations | |
| Erlang | |
| Influenced by | |
| Lisp, PLEX,[2] Prolog, Smalltalk | |
| Influenced | |
| Akka, Clojure,[3] Dart, Elixir, F#, Opa, Oz, Reia, Rust,[4] Scala, Go | |
| |
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Erlang (/ˈɜːrlæŋ/ UR-lang) is a general-purpose, concurrent, functional high-level programming language, and a garbage-collected runtime system. The term Erlang is used interchangeably with Erlang/OTP, or Open Telecom Platform (OTP), which consists of the Erlang runtime system, several ready-to-use components (OTP) mainly written in Erlang, and a set of design principles for Erlang programs.[5]
The Erlang runtime system is designed for systems with these traits:
- Distributed
- Fault-tolerant
- Soft real-time
- Highly available, non-stop applications
- Hot swapping, where code can be changed without stopping a system.[6]
The Erlang programming language has immutable data, pattern matching, and functional programming.[7] The sequential subset of the Erlang language supports eager evaluation, single assignment, and dynamic typing.
A normal Erlang application is built out of hundreds of small Erlang processes.
It was originally proprietary software within Ericsson, developed by Joe Armstrong, Robert Virding, and Mike Williams in 1986,[8] but was released as free and open-source software in 1998.[9][10] Erlang/OTP is supported and maintained by the Open Telecom Platform (OTP) product unit at Ericsson.
- ^ "Release 27.1.2". 17 October 2024. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
- ^ Conferences, N. D. C. (4 June 2014). "Joe Armstrong - Functional Programming the Long Road to Enlightenment: a Historical and Personal Narrative". Vimeo.
- ^ "Clojure: Lisp meets Java, with a side of Erlang - O'Reilly Radar". radar.oreilly.com.
- ^ "Influences - The Rust Reference". The Rust Reference. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
- ^ "Erlang – Introduction". erlang.org.
- ^ Armstrong, Joe; Däcker, Bjarne; Lindgren, Thomas; Millroth, Håkan. "Open-source Erlang – White Paper". Archived from the original on 25 October 2011. Retrieved 31 July 2011.
- ^ Hitchhiker’s Tour of the BEAM – Robert Virding http://www.erlang-factory.com/upload/presentations/708/HitchhikersTouroftheBEAM.pdf
- ^ Armstrong, Joe (2007). History of Erlang. HOPL III: Proceedings of the third ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages. ISBN 978-1-59593-766-7.
- ^ "How tech giants spread open source programming love - CIO.com". 8 January 2016. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
- ^ "Erlang/OTP Released as Open Source, 1998-12-08". Archived from the original on 9 October 1999.