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Eusebius

For other uses, see Eusebius (disambiguation).
Saint

Eusebius of Caesarea
6th century Syriac portrait of St. Eusebius of Caesarea from the Rabbula Gospels
The Father of Church History
Bornc. 260–265
Caesarea Maritima, Syria Palaestina, Roman Empire
Died30 May 339 (aged 74–79)[1]
Caesarea Maritima, Syria Palaestina, Roman Empire
Venerated inOriental Orthodox Church[2]
Feast
InfluencesOrigen, St. Pamphilus of Caesarea, St. Constantine the Great, Sextus Julius Africanus, Philo, Plato
InfluencedSt. Palladius of Galatia, St. Basil the Great, Rufinus of Aquileia, St. Theodoret of Cyrus, Socrates of Constantinople, Sozomen, Evagrius Scholasticus, Gelasius of Cyzicus, Michael the Syrian, St. Jerome, Philostorgius, Victorius of Aquitaine, St. Pope Gelasius I, Pope Pelagius II, Henri Valois, George Bull, William Cave, Samuel Lee, J.B. Lightfoot, Henry Wace
Writing career
OccupationBishop, historian, theologian
PeriodConstantinian dynasty
Notable worksEcclesiastical History, On the Life of Pamphilus, Chronicle, On the Martyrs

Eusebius of Caesarea[note 1] (c. AD 260/265 – 30 May AD 339), also known as Eusebius Pamphilius,[note 2][7] was a Greek[8] Syro-Palestinian[9] historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist. In about AD 314 he became the bishop of Caesarea Maritima in the Roman province of Syria Palaestina.

Together with Pamphilus, Eusebius was a scholar of the biblical canon and is regarded as one of the most learned Christians during late antiquity.[10] He wrote the Demonstrations of the Gospel, Preparations for the Gospel and On Discrepancies between the Gospels, studies of the biblical text. His work Onomasticon is an early geographical lexicon of places in the Holy Land mentioned in the Bible. As "Father of Church History"[note 3] (not to be confused with the title of Church Father), he produced the Ecclesiastical History, On the Life of Pamphilus, the Chronicle and On the Martyrs. He also produced a biographical work on Constantine the Great, the first Christian Roman emperor, who was Augustus between AD 306 and AD 337.

  1. ^ Barnes, Constantine and Eusebius, pp. 94, 278
  2. ^ "The Church Historian and Metropolitan of Caesarea for twenty five years is included, on the list, among the Syrian martyrs and those who vouched for true faith (Wace & Piercy, 1999)." from Cor-Episcopo K. Mani Rajan's 'Martyrs, Saints, and Prelates of the Syriac Orthodox Church Volume 2 published in 2012 on his website: http://rajanachen.com/download-english-books/
  3. ^ Shown in the Martyrology of 411 translated by William Wright in 1866 where it states under May 30, "The Commemoration of Eusebius, bishop of Palestine" (p. 427) which Wright confirms in the preface is "Eusebius of Caesareia" (p. 45). https://archive.org/details/WrightAnAncientSyrianMartyrology/page/n1/mode/2up
  4. ^ "His memory is celebrated on 29 February." from Cor-Episcopo K. Mani Rajan's 'Martyrs, Saints, and Prelates of the Syriac Orthodox Church Volume 2' published in 2012 on his website: http://rajanachen.com/download-english-books/
  5. ^ Bishop J.B. Lightfoot writes in his entry for St. Eusebius in Henry Wace's Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century AD, with an Account of Principal Sects and Heresies (1911) that while "in the Martyrologium Romanum itself he held his place for centuries," in "the revision of this Martyrology under Gregory XIII his name was struck out, and Eusebius of Samosata was substituted, under the mistaken idea that Caesarea had been substituted for Samosata by a mistake." (p. 536)
  6. ^ Multiple references for this day as the feast of St. Eusebius in multiple Roman Catholic martyrologies and lectionaries, as recorded by Henri Valois, or Valesius in his Testimonies of the Ancients in Favor of Eusebius and translated by Philip Schaff https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf201.iii.iv.html
  7. ^ Eusebius (1876), Church History, Life of Constantine the Great, and Oration in Praise of Constantine, A Select Library of the Christian Church: Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, 2nd ser., vol. I, translated by Schaff, Philip, Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark.
  8. ^ Jacobsen, Anders-Christian (2007). Three Greek apologists Origen, Eusebius, and Athanasius = Drei griechische Apologeten. Ulrich, Jörg. Frankfurt, M. p. 1. ISBN 978-3-631-56833-0. OCLC 180106520.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  9. ^ Richardson, E.C.; Wace, H.; McGiffert, A.C.; Schaff, P. (1890). Eusebius - Church History, Life of Constantine the Great, and Oration in Praise of Constantine. Select library of Nicene and post-Nicene fathers of the Christian Church. Parker. p. 4. His birthplace cannot be determined with certainty. The fact that he is called "Eusebius the Palestinian " by Marcellus (Euseb. lib. adv. Marcell. I. 4), Basil (Lib. ad. Amphil. de Spir. Sancto, c. 29), and others, does not prove that he was a Palestinian by birth; for the epithet may be used to indicate merely his place of residence (he was bishop of Cæsarea in Palestine for many years). Moreover, the argument urged by Stein and Lightfoot in support of his Palestinian birth, namely, that it was customary to elect to the episcopate of any church a native of the city in preference to a native of some other place, does not count for much. All that seems to have been demanded was that a man should have been already a member of the particular church over which he was to be made bishop, and even this rule was not universal (see Bingham's Antiquities, II. 10, 2 and 3). The fact that he was bishop of Cæsarea therefore would at most warrant us in concluding only that he had made his residence in Cæsarea for some time previous to his election to that office. Nevertheless, although neither of these arguments proves his Palestinian birth, it is very probable that he was a native of that country, or at least of that section. He was acquainted with Syriac as well as with Greek, which circumstance taken in connection with his ignorance of Latin (see below, p. 47) points to the region of Syria as his birthplace. Moreover, we learn from his own testimony that he was in Cæsarea while still a youth (Vita Constantini, I. 19), and in his epistle to the church of Cæsarea (see below, p. 16) he says that he was taught the creed of the Cæsarean church in his childhood (or at least at the beginning of his Christian life: έν τή κατηχήσει), and that he accepted it at baptism. It would seem therefore that he must have lived while still a child either in Cæsarea itself, or in the neighborhood, where its creed was in use. Although no one therefore (except Theodorus Metochita of the fourteenth century, in his Cap. Miscell. 17; Migne, Patr. Lat. CXLIV. 949) directly states that Eusebius was a Palestinian by birth, we have every reason to suppose him such.
  10. ^ Gonzalez, Justo L. (2010-08-10). The Story of Christianity: Volume 1: The Early Church to the Dawn of the Reformation. Zondervan. pp. 149–150. ISBN 978-0-06-185588-7.
  11. ^ "General Audience of 13 June 2007: Eusebius of Caesarea | BENEDICT XVI". www.vatican.va. Retrieved 2021-06-01.


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