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Facial masculinization surgery (FMS) is a set of plastic surgery procedures that can transform the patient's face to exhibit typical masculine morphology. Cisgender men may elect to undergo these procedures, and in the context of transgender people, FMS is a type of facial gender confirmation surgery (FGCS), which also includes facial feminization surgery (FFS) for transgender women.[1]
FMS can include various bony procedures such as chin augmentation, cheek augmentation, as well as augmentation of the forehead, jaw, and Adam's apple. In FMS, most procedures involve "having structures added to give more angles to the face."[2]
- ^ Deschamps-Braly, JC (2018). "Facial Gender Confirmation Surgery". Clinics in Plastic Surgery. 45 (3): 323–331. doi:10.1016/j.cps.2018.03.005. PMID 29908620. S2CID 49266967.
- ^ Yarbrough E (2018). Transgender Mental Health. American Psychiatric Association Publishing. ISBN 9781615371136