Back كيمياء الفيمتو Arabic Фемтахімія Byelorussian Femtoquímica Catalan Femtochemie German Femtoquímica Spanish فموتوشیمی Persian Femtochimie French Ֆեմտոքիմիա Armenian Femtokimia ID Femtochimica Italian

Femtochemistry

Pump-probe techniques

Femtochemistry is the area of physical chemistry that studies chemical reactions on extremely short timescales (approximately 10−15 seconds or one femtosecond, hence the name) in order to study the very act of atoms within molecules (reactants) rearranging themselves to form new molecules (products). In a 1988 issue of the journal Science, Ahmed Hassan Zewail published an article using this term for the first time, stating "Real-time femtochemistry, that is, chemistry on the femtosecond timescale...".[1] Later in 1999, Zewail received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his pioneering work in this field showing that it is possible to see how atoms in a molecule move during a chemical reaction with flashes of laser light.[2]

Application of femtochemistry in biological studies has also helped to elucidate the conformational dynamics of stem-loop RNA structures.[3][4]

Many publications have discussed the possibility of controlling chemical reactions by this method,[clarification needed] but this remains controversial.[5] The steps in some reactions occur in the femtosecond timescale and sometimes in attosecond timescales,[6] and will sometimes form intermediate products. These reaction intermediates cannot always be deduced from observing the start and end products.

  1. ^ Zewail, A. H. (1988-12-23). "Laser Femtochemistry". Science. 242 (4886): 1645–1653. Bibcode:1988Sci...242.1645Z. doi:10.1126/science.242.4886.1645. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17730575. S2CID 220103588.
  2. ^ The 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, article on nobelprize.org
  3. ^ Kadakkuzha, B. M.; Zhao, L.; Xia, T. (2009). "Conformational Distribution and Ultrafast Base Dynamics of Leadzyme". Biochemistry. 48 (22): 3807–3809. doi:10.1021/bi900256q. PMID 19301929.
  4. ^ Lu, Jia; Kadakkuzha, Beena M.; Zhao, Liang; et al. (2011). "Dynamic Ensemble View of the Conformational Landscape of HIV-1 TAR RNA and Allosteric Recognition". Biochemistry. 50 (22): 5042–5057. doi:10.1021/bi200495d. PMID 21553929.
  5. ^ "Femtochemistry: Past, present, and future". A. H. Zewail, Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 72, No. 12, pp. 2219–2231, 2000.
  6. ^ Kling, Matthias F.; Vrakking, Marc J. J. (1 May 2008). "Attosecond Electron Dynamics". Annual Review of Physical Chemistry. 59 (1): 463–492. Bibcode:2008ARPC...59..463K. doi:10.1146/annurev.physchem.59.032607.093532. PMID 18031218.

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