Back جمهورية تركستان الشرقية الأولى Arabic Şərqi Türküstan İslam Respublikası Azerbaijani دوغو تورکیستان ایسلام جومهوریتی AZB প্রথম পূর্ব তুর্কিস্তান প্রজাতন্ত্র Bengali/Bangla Islamische Republik Ostturkestan German Primera República del Turquestán Oriental Spanish Ekialdeko Turkestango Lehen Errepublika Basque جمهوری اسلامی ترکستان شرقی Persian Première République (Turkestan oriental) French Republik Turkestan Timur Pertama ID
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Turkic Islamic Republic of East Turkestan شەرقىي تۈركىستان تۈرك ئىسلام جۇمھۇرىيىتى (Uyghur) | |||||||||
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| 1933–1934 | |||||||||
 Territorial extent of the first ETR | |||||||||
| Status | Unrecognized state | ||||||||
| Capital and largest city | Kashgar | ||||||||
| Official languages | Uyghur | ||||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||||||
| Government | Islamic republic | ||||||||
| President | |||||||||
• 1933–1934 | Khoja Niyaz | ||||||||
| Prime Minister | |||||||||
• 1933–1934 | Sabit Damolla | ||||||||
| Historical era | Interwar period | ||||||||
• Established | 12 November 1933 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 16 April 1934 | ||||||||
| Currency | Chinese customs gold unit Copper (pūl), silver (tanga) and gold (tilla) coins minted in Kashgar in 1933. | ||||||||
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| Today part of | China ∟ Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region | ||||||||
| Turkic Islamic Republic of East Turkestan | |||||||||
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| Uyghur name | |||||||||
| Uyghur | شەرقىي تۈركىستان تۈرك ئىسلام جۇمھۇرىيىتى | ||||||||
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| Chinese name | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 東突厥斯坦伊斯蘭共和國 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 东突厥斯坦伊斯兰共和国 | ||||||||
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| History of Xinjiang |
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The Turkic Islamic Republic of East Turkestan (TIRET) was an independent republic centered on the city of Kashgar, located in the far west of Xinjiang Province. It is often described as the First East Turkestan Republic to differentiate it from the Second East Turkestan Republic (1944–1949).
It emerged from the Kumul Rebellion following the abolition of the semi-autonomous Kumul Khanate by Xinjiang Governor Jin Shuren. Lasting from 12 November 1933 to 16 April 1934, it was primarily the product of a pan-Turkic independence movement in the region, which consisted of Turkic, mostly Uyghur, intellectuals. With the sacking of Kashgar in 1934 by Hui warlords nominally allied with the Kuomintang-led nationalist government in Nanjing, the TIRET was effectively destroyed. Its example, however, served to some extent as inspiration for the founding of the Second East Turkestan Republic a decade later in north of the Xinjiang and continues to influence modern Uyghur nationalist support for the creation of an independent East Turkestan.