Back Vyf Swart Kategorieë Afrikaans الفئات السوداء الخمس Arabic Fünf schwarze Kategorien German Cinco Categorías Negras Spanish Cinq catégories noires French Lima Kategori Hitam ID Cinque categorie nere Italian 黒五類 (文化大革命) Japanese Vijf zwarte categorieën Dutch Cinco Categorias Negras Portuguese

Five Black Categories

The "Five Black Categories" (Chinese: 黑五类; pinyin: Hēiwǔlèi) were classifications of political identity and social status in Mao era (1949–1976) of the People's Republic of China, especially during the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–1976); these categories include landlords, rich farmers, counter-revolutionaries, bad influencers and rightists.[1][2][3] People who were labelled as members of these five groups were discriminated against in society and were considered enemies of the Cultural Revolution, subject to constant persecution and even massacres.[1][2][3] Most members of the Five Black Categories were rehabilitated in the Boluan Fanzheng period after the Cultural Revolution.[4][5]

  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference :13 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Yang, Long (2023), Shuman, Amanda; Leese, Daniel (eds.), "Villagers, Cadres, and the Politics of Rehabilitation in Post-Mao China, 1979–1982", Justice After Mao: The Politics of Historical Truth in the People's Republic of China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 122–144, ISBN 978-1-009-26129-6, retrieved 2024-10-18
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference :12 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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