Back فوبوس جرانت Arabic Фобос-грунт Bulgarian ফোবোস-গ্রুন্ত Bengali/Bangla Phobos-Grunt BS Fobos-Grunt Catalan Fobos-Grunt Czech Phobos-Grunt German Fobos-Grunt Esperanto Fobos-Grunt Spanish Fobos-Grunt Finnish

Fobos-Grunt

Fobos-Grunt
Model of Fobos-Grunt spacecraft at the 2011 Paris Air Show
NamesPhobos-Grunt
Фобос-Грунт
Phobos-Ground
Mission typePhobos lander
Sample return
OperatorRoscosmos
COSPAR ID2011-065A Edit this at Wikidata
SATCAT no.37872
Mission duration3 years (planned)
Failed in Earth orbit
Spacecraft properties
ManufacturerLavochkin, Russian Space Research Institute
Launch mass13,505 kg (29,773 lb) [1]
Dry mass2,300 kg (5,100 lb)
Power1 kW (main orbiter/lander) + 300 W (Earth return vehicle) [2]
Start of mission
Launch date8 November 2011, 20:16:02 UTC
RocketZenit-2SB41
Launch siteBaikonur Cosmodrome, Site 45/1
ContractorYuzhmash
Entered serviceFailed on orbit
End of mission
Last contact24 November 2011
Decay date15 January 2012, 17:46 UTC [3]
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric orbit[3]
RegimeLow Earth orbit
Perigee altitude207 km (129 mi)
Apogee altitude342 km (213 mi)
Inclination51.43°
Period90.0 minutes

Fobos-Grunt or Phobos-Grunt (Russian: Фобос-Грунт, where грунт refers to the ground in the narrow geological meaning of any type of soil or rock exposed on the surface) was an attempted Russian sample return mission to Phobos, one of the moons of Mars. Fobos-Grunt also carried the Chinese Mars orbiter Yinghuo-1 and the tiny Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment funded by the Planetary Society.[4][5]

It was launched on 8 November 2011, at 20:16 UTC, from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, but subsequent rocket burns intended to set the craft on a course for Mars failed, leaving it stranded in low Earth orbit.[6][7] Efforts to reactivate the craft were unsuccessful, and it fell back to Earth in an uncontrolled re-entry on 15 January 2012, over the Pacific Ocean, west of Chile.[8][9][10] The return vehicle was to have returned to Earth in August 2014, carrying up to 200 g (7.1 oz) of soil from Phobos.

Funded by the Russian Federal Space Agency and developed by Lavochkin and the Russian Space Research Institute, Fobos-Grunt was the first Russian-led interplanetary mission since the failed Mars 96. The last successful interplanetary missions were the Soviet Vega 2 in 1985–1986, and the partially successful Phobos 2 in 1988–1989.[11] Fobos-Grunt was designed to become the first spacecraft to return a macroscopic sample from an extraterrestrial body since Luna 24 in 1976.[12]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference laspace_fobos_grunt_sent_to_baikonur was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ "Конструкция АМС "Фобос-Грунт"". galspace.spb.ru. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  3. ^ a b Vítek, Antonín (25 January 2012). "2011-065A – Fobos-Grunt". Space 40 (in Czech). Retrieved 9 September 2018.
  4. ^ Amos, Jonathan (9 November 2011). "Phobos-Grunt Mars probe loses its way just after launch". BBC News.
  5. ^ Lakdawalla, Emily (16 December 2012). Phobos-Grunt is no more. Planetary Society. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012.
  6. ^ Molczan, Ted (9 November 2011). "Phobos-Grunt – serious problem reported". SeeSat-L. Retrieved 9 November 2011.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference vlad was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ "Russia's failed Phobos-Grunt space probe heads to Earth", BBC News, 14 January 2012
  9. ^ "Russian space probe crashes into Pacific Ocean". Fox News Channel. 15 January 2012. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012.
  10. ^ "Russia asks if US radar ruined Phobos-Grunt space probe", NBC News, 17 January 2012
  11. ^ "Jonathan's Space Report No.650 2011 November 16". Archived from the original on 9 September 2012.
  12. ^ "Daring Russian Sample Return mission to Martian Moon Phobos aims for November Liftoff". Universe Today. 13 October 2011.

Developed by StudentB