Back القسم الفرنساوى من دولية العمال ARZ Seición Francesa de la Internacional Obrera AST Французская секцыя Рабочага інтэрнацыяналу Byelorussian SFIO Breton Secció Francesa de la Internacional Obrera Catalan Section française de l’Internationale ouvrière Danish Section française de l’Internationale ouvrière German Franca Sekcio de la Laborista Internacio Esperanto Sección Francesa de la Internacional Obrera Spanish Langile-Internazionalaren Frantziar Sekzioa Basque
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French Section of the Workers' International Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Leader | |
| Founders | Jules Guesde Jean Jaurès |
| Founded | 25 April 1905 |
| Dissolved | 4 May 1969 |
| Merger of | French Socialist Party Socialist Party of France |
| Merged into | Socialist Party |
| Headquarters | Paris |
| Newspaper | Le Populaire (from 1918) L'Humanité (until 1920) |
| Trade union | Workers' Force |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Left-wing[6] |
| National affiliation | Lefts Cartel (1924–1934) Popular Front (1936–1938) Tripartisme (1944–1947) Third Force (1947–1958) |
| European Parliament group | Socialist Group |
| International affiliation | Second International (1905–1916) Labour and Socialist International (1923–1940) Socialist International (1951–1969) |
| Colours | Red |
The French Section of the Workers' International (French: Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière, SFIO) was a major socialist political party in France which was founded in 1905 and succeeded in 1969 by the present Socialist Party.
The SFIO was founded in 1905 as the French representative to the Second International, merging the Marxist Socialist Party of France led by Jules Guesde and the social-democratic French Socialist Party led by Jean Jaurès, who became the SFIO's leading figure. Electoral support for the party rose from 10 percent in the 1906 election to 17 percent in 1914, and during World War I it participated in France's national unity government, sacrificing its ideals of internationalist class struggle in favor of national patriotism, as did most other members of the Second International. In 1920, the SFIO split over views on the 1917 Russian Revolution; the majority became the French Communist Party, while the minority continued as the SFIO.
In the 1930s, mutual concern over fascism drew the communists and socialists together, prompting them to form the Popular Front. The coalition won the 1936 election and formed a government under SFIO leader Léon Blum, which lasted until 1938. After the outbreak of World War II and German conquest of France in 1940, the SFIO was banned, and many of its members took part in the Resistance. The SFIO was part of France's tripartisme government from 1944 to 1947, but after the war faced a resurgent Communist Party, which achieved a higher share of the vote in every election for the next three decades. From 1956 to 1957, SFIO leader Guy Mollet served as prime minister, but the party continued its period of decline and disunity. In 1969, the present Socialist Party of France was formed from a merger of the SFIO and smaller parties.
Between 1909 and 1920, the SFIO published the newspaper L'Humanité. In French politics, it affiliated with the Left Cartel (1924–1934), the Popular Front (1936–1938), the Tripartisme (1944–1947), and the Third Force (1947–1958). Internationally, the party was first affiliated with the Second International (1905–1916), then the Labour and Socialist International (1923–1940),[7] and finally the Socialist International (1951–1969). The SFIO's symbol was a red and black circle with the Three Arrows.
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- ^ Fuchs, Günther; Scholze, Scholze; Zimmermann, Detlev (2004). Frankreichs Dritte Republik in neun Porträts : Leon Gambetta, Jules Ferry, Jean Jaurès, Georges Clemenceau, Aristide Briand, Léon Blum, Edouard Daladier, Philippe Pétain, Charles de Gaulle. Leipziger Universitätsverlag. p. 148. ISBN 9783937209876.
- ^ Lieber, Nancy (1977). "Ideology and Tactics of the French Socialist Party". Government and Opposition. 12 (4): 455–473. doi:10.1111/j.1477-7053.1977.tb00663.x. ISSN 0017-257X. JSTOR 44482172. S2CID 144702684.
- ^ Priestland, David (2009). The red flag : a history of communism. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 9780802189790.
- ^ Slavin, David (1991). "The French Left and the Rif War, 1924-25: Racism and the Limits of Internationalism". Journal of Contemporary History. 26 (1): 5–32. doi:10.1177/002200949102600101. ISSN 0022-0094. JSTOR 260628. S2CID 162339547.
- ^ Kowalski, Werner (1985). Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923–1940. Berlin: Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften (in German).