Back Luengas galoitalicas AN لغات غالية إيطاليقية Arabic Llingües galoitalianes AST Gal·loitàlic Catalan Galloitalisch German Gaŭlo-itala lingvaro Esperanto Lenguas galoitálicas Spanish Galloitaalia keeled Estonian Hizkuntza galo-italikoak Basque Luengas cisalpinas EXT

Gallo-Italic languages

Gallo-Italic
Gallo-Italian
Gallo-Cisalpine
Cisalpine
Geographic
distribution		Italy, San Marino, Switzerland, Monaco, France
Linguistic classificationIndo-European
Subdivisions
Language codes
Glottologgall1279
Geographic distribution of undisputed Gallo-Italic varieties

The Gallo-Italic, Gallo-Italian, Gallo-Cisalpine or simply Cisalpine languages constitute the majority of the Romance languages of northern Italy: Piedmontese, Lombard, Emilian, Ligurian, and Romagnol.[3] In central Italy they are spoken in the northern Marches (Gallo-Italic of the Marches);[4] in southern Italy in some language islands in Basilicata (Gallo-Italic of Basilicata) and Sicily (Gallo-Italic of Sicily).[5]

Although most publications define Venetian as part of the Italo-Dalmatian branch, both Ethnologue and Glottolog group it into the Gallo-Italic languages.[6][7]

The languages are spoken also in the departement of Alpes-Maritimes in France and in Ticino and southern Grisons, both in Switzerland, and the microstates of Monaco and San Marino. They are still spoken to some extent by the Italian diaspora in countries with Italian immigrant communities.

Having a Celtic substratum and a Germanic, mostly Lombardic, superstrate, Gallo-Italian descends from the Latin spoken in northern part of Italia (former Cisalpine Gaul). The group had for part of late antiquity and the early Middle Ages a close linguistic link with Gaul and Raetia, west and north to the Alps. From the late Middle Ages, the group adopted various characteristics of the Italo-Dalmatian languages of the south.

As a result, the Gallo-Italic languages have characteristics of the Gallo-Romance languages to the northwest (including French and Franco-Provençal), the Occitano-Romance languages to the west (including Catalan and Occitan) and the Italo-Dalmatian languages to the north-east, central and south Italy (Venetian, Dalmatian, Tuscan, Central Italian, Neapolitan, Sicilian). For this there is some debate over the proper grouping of the Gallo-Italic languages. They are sometimes grouped with Gallo-Romance,[8][9][10][11] but other linguists group them in Italo-Dalmatian.[12][13][14][15][16]

Most Gallo-Italic languages have to varying degrees given way in everyday use to regional varieties of Italian.[citation needed] The vast majority of current speakers are diglossic with Italian.

Among the regional languages of Italy, they are the most endangered, since in the main cities of their area (Milan, Turin, Genoa, Bologna) they are mainly used by the elderly.

  1. ^ "Glottolog 4.8 – Venetian". glottolog.org.
  2. ^ "Venetian". Ethnologue.
  3. ^ Loporcaro, Michele. 2009. 'Profilo linguistico dei dialetti d'Italia. Bari: Laterza. Pg. 3.'
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference marches was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Fiorenzo Toso, Le minoranze linguistiche in Italia, Il Mulino, Bologna 2008, p. 137.
  6. ^ "Venetian". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  7. ^ "Glottolog 4.8 – Venetian". glottolog.org.
  8. ^ Ethnologue, [1]
  9. ^ Hull, Geoffrey (1982): «The linguistic unity of northern Italy and Rhaetia.» Ph.D. diss., University of Sydney West.
  10. ^ Longobardi, Giuseppe. (2014). Theory and experiment in parametric minimalism. Language description informed by theory. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 217–262.
  11. ^ Tamburelli, M., & Brasca, L. (2018). Revisiting the classification of Gallo-Italic: a dialectometric approach. Digital Scholarship in the Humanities, 33, 442–455. [2]
  12. ^ For example, Giovan Battista Pellegrini, Tullio De Mauro, Maurizio Dardano, Tullio Telmon (see Enrico Allasino et al. Le lingue del Piemonte Archived 2011-08-10 at the Wayback Machine, IRES – Istituto di Ricerche Economico Sociali del Piemonte, Torino, 2007, p. 9) and Vincenzo Orioles (see Classificazione dei dialetti parlati in Italia).
  13. ^ Walter De Gruyter, Italienisch, Korsisch, Sardisch, 1988, p. 452.
  14. ^ Michele Loporcaro, Profilo linguistico dei dialetti italiani, 2013, p. 70.
  15. ^ Martin Maiden, Mair Parry, Dialects of Italy, 1997, Introduction p. 3.
  16. ^ Anna Laura Lepschy, Giulio Lepschy, The Italian Language Today, 1998, p. 41.

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