Back جراحة إعادة تحديد الجنس (ذكر-أنثى) Arabic Chirurgie de réattribution sexuelle d'homme vers femme French Nemi megerősítő műtét (férfiból nő) Hungarian 여성화 성전환 수술 Korean Phẫu thuật chuyển giới (nam thành nữ) Vietnamese 性别肯定手术 (男跨女) Chinese
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Gender-affirming surgery for male-to-female transgender women or transfeminine non-binary people describes a variety of surgical procedures that alter the body to provide physical traits more comfortable and affirming to an individual's gender identity and overall functioning.
Often used to refer to vaginoplasty, sex reassignment surgery can also more broadly refer to other gender-affirming procedures an individual may have, such as permanent reduction or removal of body or facial hair through laser hair removal or electrolysis, facial feminization surgery, tracheal shave, vulvoplasty, orchiectomy, voice surgery, or breast augmentation.[1] Sex reassignment surgery is usually preceded by beginning feminizing hormone therapy. Some surgeries can reduce the need for hormone therapy.[2][3][4]
Gender-affirming surgeries for transgender women have taken place since the 16th century, though they became more notable in the 20th century.[5] Most patients report greater quality of life and sexual health outcomes postoperatively.[6][7][8]
- ^ "Surgery Funding". www.phsa.ca. Retrieved 2022-09-21.
- ^ "Gender-Affirming Surgeries". www.phsa.ca. Retrieved 2022-09-22.
- ^ "Orchiectomy". healthcare.utah.edu. 15 October 2021. Retrieved 2022-09-22.
- ^ "Orchiectomy". www.phsa.ca. Retrieved 2022-09-22.
- ^ Zurada, Anna; Salandy, Sonja; Roberts, Wallisa; Gielecki, Jerzy; Schober, Justine; Loukas, Marios (September 2018). "The evolution of transgender surgery". Clinical Anatomy. 31 (6): 878–886. doi:10.1002/ca.23206. ISSN 0897-3806. PMID 29732618. S2CID 19210020.
- ^ Özer, Müjde; Toulabi, Sahaand Poor; Fisher, Alessandra D.; t'Sjoen, Guy; Buncamper, Marlon E.; Monstrey, Stan; Bizic, Marta R.; Djordjevic, Miroslav; Falcone, Marco; Christopher, Nim A.; Simon, Daniel; Capitán, Luis; Motmans, Joz (2022). "ESSM Position Statement "Sexual Wellbeing After Gender Affirming Surgery"". Sexual Medicine. 10 (1): 100471. doi:10.1016/j.esxm.2021.100471. PMC 8847816. PMID 34971864.
- ^ Horbach, Sophie E.R.; Bouman, Mark-Bram; Smit, Jan Maerten; Özer, Müjde; Buncamper, Marlon E.; Mullender, Margriet G. (2015). "Outcome of Vaginoplasty in Male-to-Female Transgenders: A Systematic Review of Surgical Techniques". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 12 (6): 1499–1512. doi:10.1111/jsm.12868. PMID 25817066. Retrieved 2023-09-19.
- ^ Buncamper, Marlon E.; Honselaar, Jara S.; Bouman, Mark Bram; Özer, Müjde; Kreukels, Baudewijntje P.C.; Mullender, Margriet G. (2015). "Aesthetic and Functional Outcomes of Neovaginoplasty Using Penile Skin in Male to Female Transsexuals". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 12 (7): 1626–1634. doi:10.1111/jsm.12914. PMID 26096123. Retrieved 2023-09-19.