Back Қырҭтәыла Abkhazian Georgia ACE Хъырцые ADY Georgië Afrikaans Georgien ALS ጂዮርጂያ Amharic Georgia AMI Cheorchia AN Georgia (land) ANG Jọjia ANN
Georgia | |
|---|---|
| Motto: ძალა ერთობაშია Dzala ertobashia "Strength is in Unity" | |
| Anthem: თავისუფლება Tavisupleba "Freedom" | |
&sq=Facebook&lang=en&file=File:Georgia_(orthographic_projection_with_inset).svg) &sq=Facebook&lang=en&file=File:Locator_map_of_Georgia.svg) Georgia in dark green; uncontrolled territory in light green | |
| Capital and largest city | Tbilisi 41°43′N 44°47′E / 41.717°N 44.783°E |
| Official languages | Georgian |
| Recognised regional languages | Abkhaz[a] |
| Ethnic groups (2014[a]) |
|
| Religion (2014) |
|
| Demonym(s) | Georgian |
| Government | Unitary parliamentary republic |
| Salome Zourabichvili | |
| Irakli Kobakhidze | |
| Shalva Papuashvili | |
| Legislature | Parliament |
| Establishment history | |
| 13th c. BC – 580 AD | |
| 786–1008 | |
| 1008 | |
| 1463–1810 | |
| 12 September 1801 | |
| 26 May 1918 | |
| 12 February 1921 | |
| 25 February 1921 | |
9 April 1991 26 December 1991 | |
| 24 August 1995 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 69,700 km2 (26,900 sq mi) (119th) |
| Population | |
• 2022 estimate |  3,688,647[a][5]4,012,104[b] (126th) |
• 2014 census | 3,713,804[a][6] |
• Density | 57.6/km2 (149.2/sq mi) (137th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2024 estimate |
• Total |  $94.020 billion[a][7] (101st) |
• Per capita | $25,248[7] (72nd) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | $32.865 billion[a][7] (107th) |
• Per capita | $8,825[7] (84th) |
| Gini (2021) |  34.2[a][8]medium inequality |
| HDI (2022) | 0.814[a][9] very high (60th) |
| Currency | Georgian lari (₾) (GEL) |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (Georgia Time GET) |
| Date format | dd.mm.yyyy |
| Drives on | right |
| Calling code | +995 |
| ISO 3166 code | GE |
| Internet TLD | .ge, .გე |
| |
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Georgia (Georgian: საქართველო, romanized: sakartvelo, IPA: [sakʰartʰʷelo] ) is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe[10][11][12] and West Asia. It is part of the Caucasus region, bounded by the Black Sea to the west, Russia to the north and northeast, Turkey to the southwest, Armenia to the south, and Azerbaijan to the southeast. Georgia covers an area of 69,700 square kilometres (26,900 sq mi).[13] It has a population of 3.7 million,[b][14] of which over a third live in the capital and largest city, Tbilisi. Georgians, who are native to the region, constitute a majority of the country's population and are its titular nation.
Georgia has been inhabited since prehistory, hosting the world's earliest known sites of winemaking, gold mining, and textiles.[15][16] The classical era saw the emergence of several kingdoms, such as Colchis and Iberia, that formed the nucleus of the modern Georgian state. In the early fourth century, Georgians officially adopted Christianity, which contributed to the unification into the Kingdom of Georgia. Georgia reached its Golden Age during the High Middle Ages under the reigns of King David IV and Queen Tamar. Beginning in the 15th century, the kingdom declined and disintegrated under pressure from various regional powers, including the Mongols, the Ottoman Empire, and Persia, before being gradually annexed into the Russian Empire starting in 1801.
After the Russian Revolution in 1917, Georgia briefly emerged as an independent republic under German protection,[17] but was invaded and annexed by the Red Army in 1921, becoming one of the Republics of the Soviet Union. In the 1980s, an independence movement grew quickly, leading to Georgia's secession from the Soviet Union in April 1991. For much of the subsequent decade, the country endured economic crises, political instability, and secessionist wars in Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Following the peaceful Rose Revolution in 2003, Georgia strongly pursued a pro-Western foreign policy, introducing a series of democratic and economic reforms aimed at integration into the European Union and NATO. This Western orientation led to worsening relations with Russia, culminating in the Russo-Georgian War of 2008 and continued Russian occupation of parts of Georgia.
Georgia is a representative democracy governed as a unitary parliamentary republic.[18][19] It is a developing country with a very high Human Development Index and an emerging market economy. Sweeping economic reforms since 2003 have resulted in one of the freest business climates in the world, greater economic freedom and transparency, and among the fastest rates of GDP growth.[20] In 2018, Georgia became the second country in the world to legalize cannabis, and the first former socialist state to do so. Georgia is a member of numerous international organizations, including the Council of Europe, Eurocontrol, BSEC, GUAM, Energy Community. As part of the Association Trio, Georgia is a candidate for membership in the European Union.[21]
- ^ "Article 8", Constitution of Georgia. In Abkhazian AR, also Abkhazian.
- ^ "Constitution of Georgia" (PDF). Parliament of Georgia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 December 2017.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
geostat.gewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "საქართველოს მოსახლეობის საყოველთაო აღწერის საბოლოო შედეგები" (PDF). National Statistics Office of Georgia. 28 April 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
- ^ "Demographic Portal". Retrieved 7 May 2022.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
2014 Censuswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Georgia)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
- ^ "GINI index (World Bank estimate) – Georgia". data.worldbank.org. World Bank. Archived from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
- ^ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 September 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
- ^ Encyclopedic World Atlas, George Philip & Son, Oxford University Press: 2002, p.104
- ^ Histories 4.38. C.f. James Rennell, The geographical system of Herodotus examined and explained, Volume 1, Rivington 1830, p. 244
- ^ Encyclopedia Britannica", Caucasus, June 2021: "One widely accepted scheme draws the dividing line along the crest of the Greater Caucasus range, putting the portion of the region north of the line in Europe and the portion south of it in Asia. Another puts the western portion of the Caucasus region in Europe and the eastern part (the bulk of Azerbaijan and small portions of Armenia, Georgia, and Russia's Caspian Sea coast) in Asia..."
- ^ Nana Bolashvili, Andreas Dittmann, Lorenz King, Vazha Neidze (eds.): ``National Atlas of Georgia``, 138 pages, Steiner Verlag, 2018, ISBN 978-3-515-12057-9
- ^ "Population and Demography". National Statistics Office of Georgia, Geostat. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
- ^ 'World's oldest wine' found in 8,000-year-old jars in Georgia. BBC News: 13 November 2017
- ^ Doce, Elisa Guerra (2004). "The Origins of Inebriation: Archaeological Evidence of the Consumption of Fermented Beverages and Drugs in Prehistoric Eurasia". Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory. 22 (3): 751–782. doi:10.1007/s10816-014-9205-z. ISSN 1072-5369. S2CID 143750976.
- ^ Jones, Stephen (27 October 2020). "The establishment of Soviet power in Transcaucasia: The case of Georgia 1921–1928". Soviet Studies. 40 (4): 627. doi:10.1080/09668138808411783.
- ^ "Constitution of Georgia". The Legislative Herald of Georgia. 29 June 2020. Article 1.1, 7.2, 45, 52 and 54. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
- ^ "Consolidating Parliamentary Democracy in Georgia". UNDP Georgia. Archived from the original on 19 June 2021. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
- ^ "Georgia". United States Department of State. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
- ^ "European Council - Consilium".
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