Giulio Andreotti

Senator for life Giulio Andreotti OMI SMOM OCSG OESSH
Official portrait, 1987
Prime Minister of Italy
In office 23 July 1989 – 28 June 1992
President	Francesco Cossiga Oscar Luigi Scalfaro
Deputy	Claudio Martelli
Preceded by	Ciriaco De Mita
Succeeded by	Giuliano Amato
In office 30 July 1976 – 5 August 1979
President	Giovanni Leone Sandro Pertini
Deputy	Ugo La Malfa
Preceded by	Aldo Moro
Succeeded by	Francesco Cossiga
In office 18 February 1972 – 8 July 1973
President	Giovanni Leone
Deputy	Mario Tanassi
Preceded by	Emilio Colombo
Succeeded by	Mariano Rumor
Ministerial offices Minister for Cultural Heritage and Environment In office 13 April 1991 – 28 June 1992 Prime Minister Himself Preceded by Ferdinando Facchiano Succeeded by Alberto Ronchey Minister of State Holdings In office 26 December 1990 – 28 June 1992 Prime Minister Himself Preceded by Franco Piga Succeeded by Giuseppe Guarino Minister of Foreign Affairs In office 4 August 1983 – 23 July 1989 Prime Minister Bettino Craxi Amintore Fanfani Giovanni Goria Ciriaco De Mita Preceded by Emilio Colombo Succeeded by Gianni De Michelis Minister of the Interior In office 11 May 1978 – 13 June 1978 Prime Minister Himself Preceded by Francesco Cossiga Succeeded by Virginio Rognoni In office 19 January 1954 – 10 February 1954 Prime Minister Amintore Fanfani Preceded by Amintore Fanfani Succeeded by Mario Scelba Minister of Budget and Economic Planning In office 23 November 1974 – 30 July 1976 Prime Minister Aldo Moro Preceded by Antonio Giolitti Succeeded by Tommaso Morlino Minister of Defence In office 15 March 1974 – 23 November 1974 Prime Minister Mariano Rumor Preceded by Mario Tanassi Succeeded by Arnaldo Forlani In office 16 February 1959 – 24 February 1966 Prime Minister Antonio Segni Fernando Tambroni Amintore Fanfani Giovanni Leone Aldo Moro Preceded by Antonio Segni Succeeded by Roberto Tremelloni Minister of Industry, Commerce and Crafts In office 24 February 1966 – 13 December 1968 Prime Minister Aldo Moro Giovanni Leone Preceded by Edgardo Lami Starnuti Succeeded by Mario Tanassi Minister of Treasury In office 2 July 1958 – 16 February 1959 Prime Minister Amintore Fanfani Preceded by Giuseppe Medici Succeeded by Fernando Tambroni Minister of Finance In office 6 July 1955 – 2 July 1958 Prime Minister Antonio Segni Adone Zoli Preceded by Roberto Tremelloni Succeeded by Luigi Preti Secretary of the Council of Ministers In office 1 June 1947 – 19 January 1954 Prime Minister Alcide De Gasperi Giuseppe Pella Preceded by Paolo Cappa Succeeded by Mariano Rumor
Parliamentary offices Member of the Senate Life tenure 1 June 1991 – 6 May 2013 Appointed by Francesco Cossiga Member of the Chamber of Deputies In office 8 May 1948 – 31 May 1991 Constituency Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone Member of the Constituent Assembly In office 25 June 1946 – 31 January 1948 Constituency Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone
Personal details
Born	(1919-01-14)14 January 1919 Rome, Kingdom of Italy
Died	6 May 2013(2013-05-06) (aged 94) Rome, Italy
Political party	Christian Democracy (1942–1994)
Other political affiliations	Italian People's Party (1994–2001) European Democracy (2001–2002) Independent (2002–2008) Union of the Centre (2008–2013)[1]
Spouse	Livia Danese ​ (m. 1945)​
Children	4, including Lamberto
Alma mater	Sapienza University of Rome
Profession	Politician journalist lawyer
Signature

Giulio Andreotti OMI SMOM OCSG OESSH (US: /ˌɑːndreɪˈɒti/ AHN-dray-OT-ee;^[2] Italian: [ˈdʒuːljo andreˈɔtti]; 14 January 1919 – 6 May 2013) was an Italian politician and statesman who served as the 41st prime minister of Italy in seven governments (1972–1973, 1976–1979, and 1989–1992),^[3] and was leader of the Christian Democracy party and its right-wing; he was the sixth-longest-serving prime minister since the Italian unification and the second-longest-serving post-war prime minister. Andreotti is widely considered the most powerful and prominent politician of the First Republic.^[4][5][6]

Beginning as a protégé of Alcide De Gasperi, Andreotti achieved cabinet rank at a young age and occupied all the major offices of state over the course of a 40-year political career, being seen as a reassuring figure by the civil service, business community, and Vatican. Domestically, he contained inflation following the 1973 oil crisis, founded the National Healthcare Service (Sistema Sanitario Nazionale) and combated terrorism during the Years of Lead. In foreign policy, he guided Italy's European Union integration and established closer relations with the Arab world. Admirers of Andreotti saw him as having mediated political and social contradictions, enabling the transformation of a substantially rural country into the world's fifth-largest economy. Critics said he had done nothing to challenge a system of patronage that had led to pervasive corruption. Andreotti staunchly supported the Vatican and a capitalist structure, and opposed the Italian Communist Party. Following the popular Italian sentiment of the time, he supported the development of a strong European community playing host to neoliberal economics. He was not opposed to the implementation of the European Social Fund and the European Regional Development Fund in building the European economy.^[7]

At the height of his statesman career, Andreotti was subjected to criminal prosecutions and charged with colluding with Cosa Nostra. Courts managed to prove that he was undoubtedly linked with them until 1980; however, the case was closed due to past statutes of limitations.^[8] The most sensational allegation came from prosecutors in Perugia, who charged him with ordering the murder of a journalist. He was found guilty at a trial, which led to complaints that the justice system had "gone mad". After being acquitted of all charges, in part due to statute-barred limitations,^[8] Andreotti remarked: "Apart from the Punic Wars, for which I was too young, I have been blamed for everything that's happened in Italy."^[9]

In addition to his prime ministerial posts, Andreotti served in numerous ministerial positions, among them as Minister of the Interior (1954 and 1978), Minister of Finance (1955–1958), Minister of Treasury (1958–1959), Minister of Defence (1959–1966 and 1974), Minister of Budget and Economic Planning (1974–1976), and Minister of Foreign Affairs (1983–1989), and was a senator for life from 1991 until his death in 2013.^[3] He was also a journalist and author. Andreotti was sometimes called Divo Giulio (from Latin Divus Iulius, "Divine Julius", an epithet of Julius Caesar after his posthumous deification), or simply Il divo.^[9]