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Glacial refugium

A glacial refugium (plural glacial refugia) is a geographic region which made possible the survival of flora and fauna during ice ages and allowed for post-glacial re-colonization.[1][2] Different types of glacial refugia can be distinguished, namely nunatak, peripheral, and lowland.[3] Glacial refugia have been suggested as a major cause of floral and faunal distribution patterns in both temperate and tropical latitudes.[4][5][6] With respect to disjunct populations of modern-day species, especially in birds,[7][8] doubt has been cast on the validity of such inferences, as much of the differentiation between populations observed today may have occurred before or after their restriction to refugia.[9][10] In contrast, isolated geographic locales that host one or more critically endangered species (regarded as paleoendemics or glacial relicts) are generally uncontested as bona fide glacial refugia.[11]

  1. ^ Horsák, Michal; Limondin-Lozouet, Nicole; Juřičková, Lucie; Granai, Salomé; Horáčková, Jitka; Legentil, Claude; Ložek, Vojen (15 June 2019). "Holocene succession patterns of land snails across temperate Europe: East to west variation related to glacial refugia, climate and human impact". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 524: 13–24. Bibcode:2019PPP...524...13H. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.03.028. S2CID 134640979. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
  2. ^ The encyclopedia of earth, http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/155685/
  3. ^ Holderegger, R., Thiel-Egenter, C. (2009): A discussion of different types of glacial refugia used in mountain biogeography and phytogeography. Journal of Biogeography 36, 476-480.
  4. ^ Petit, Rémy J.; Aguinagalde, Itziar; Beaulieu, Jacques-Louis de; Bittkau, Christiane; Brewer, Simon; Cheddadi, Rachid; Ennos, Richard; Fineschi, Silvia; Grivet, Delphine (2003-06-06). "Glacial Refugia: Hotspots But Not Melting Pots of Genetic Diversity". Science. 300 (5625): 1563–1565. Bibcode:2003Sci...300.1563P. doi:10.1126/science.1083264. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 12791991. S2CID 34876930.
  5. ^ PROVAN, J; BENNETT, K (2008-10-01). "Phylogeographic insights into cryptic glacial refugia". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 23 (10): 564–571. Bibcode:2008TEcoE..23..564P. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2008.06.010. ISSN 0169-5347. PMID 18722689.
  6. ^ Rull, Valentí (2011-10-01). "Neotropical biodiversity: timing and potential drivers". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 26 (10): 508–513. Bibcode:2011TEcoE..26..508R. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2011.05.011. ISSN 0169-5347. PMID 21703715.
  7. ^ Brumfield, Robb T. (2012-07-01). "Inferring the Origins of Lowland Neotropical Birds". The Auk. 129 (3): 367–376. doi:10.1525/auk.2012.129.3.367. ISSN 0004-8038. S2CID 83697136.
  8. ^ Bermingham, E.; Rohwer, S.; Freeman, S.; Wood, C. (1992-07-15). "Vicariance biogeography in the Pleistocene and speciation in North American wood warblers: a test of Mengel's model". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 89 (14): 6624–6628. Bibcode:1992PNAS...89.6624B. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.14.6624. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 49554. PMID 11607307.
  9. ^ Klicka, John; Zink, Robert M. (1997-09-12). "The Importance of Recent Ice Ages in Speciation: A Failed Paradigm". Science. 277 (5332): 1666–1669. doi:10.1126/science.277.5332.1666. ISSN 0036-8075.
  10. ^ Colinvaux, P. A.; De Oliveira, P. E.; Bush, M. B. (2000-01-01). "Amazonian and neotropical plant communities on glacial time-scales: The failure of the aridity and refuge hypotheses". Quaternary Science Reviews. 19 (1–5): 141–169. Bibcode:2000QSRv...19..141C. doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(99)00059-1.
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference delcourt was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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