Back Golden triangle (Universitäten) German Golden triangle Spanish Kultainen kolmio (Englannin yliopistot) Finnish Golden triangle (universités) French משולש הזהב (אוניברסיטאות) HE Golden triangle (egyetemek) Hungarian Golden Triangle (università) Italian ゴールデン・トライアングル (大学群) Japanese 골든 트라이앵글 (대학교) Korean Golden Triangle (universiteiten) Dutch

Golden triangle (universities)

For other uses, see Golden Triangle (disambiguation).

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The cities located in the south east of England which are host to the university members of the 'golden triangle'.

The golden triangle is the triangle formed by the university cities of Cambridge, London, and Oxford in the south east of England in the United Kingdom.[note 1] The triangle is occasionally referred to as the Loxbridge triangle,[7][8] a portmanteau of London and Oxbridge or, when limited to five members, the G5.[9][10][11][12]

The list of universities considered to be members of the golden triangle varies between sources, but typically comprises the University of Cambridge, the University of Oxford, Imperial College London, King's College London, the London School of Economics and University College London.[13][note 2] Some sources omit either or both of King's College London[note 3] and the London School of Economics;[note 4] while occasionally other universities are included, e.g. the London Business School and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,[24] or all of the higher education institutions in the three cities.[25]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference THE95 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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  7. ^ Neuman, Michael (2018). "The Loxbridge Triangle: Integrating the East-West Arch into the London Mega-region". talks.cam.ac.uk. University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 13 February 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  8. ^ a b Morgan, K. J. (2004). "The research assessment exercise in English universities, 2001". Higher Education. 48 (4): 461–482. doi:10.1023/B:HIGH.0000046717.11717.06. JSTOR 4151567. S2CID 145505001.
  9. ^ Murphy, Peter; Peters, Michael A.; Marginson, Simon (2010). Imagination: three models of imagination in the age of the knowledge economy. New York: Peter Lang. p. 129. ISBN 978-1-4331-0529-6. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2011.
  10. ^ Albornoz, Orlando (2006). La universidad latinoamericana entre Davos y Porto Alegre: error de origen, error de proceso. El Nacional. p. 86. ISBN 980-388-266-X. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
  11. ^ "President and Provost of UCL Visited SARI". Shanghai Advanced Research Institute. Archived from the original on 24 May 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2011.
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference THE1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Mike Savage (5 November 2015). Social Class in the 21st Century. Penguin. p. 167. ISBN 9780141978925. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2017. Higher education researchers often talk about a 'Golden Triangle' of universities. The 'triangle' describes an imaginary three-sided shape with corners in Oxford, Cambridge and London. The exact composition of the London 'corner' can vary, but typically it includes the London School of Economics, King's College London, University College London and Imperial College London.
  14. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Nature05 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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  19. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Guardian03 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference OECD08 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  21. ^ Cite error: The named reference Grant05 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  22. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference THE02 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  23. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Guardian2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ "World Reputation Rankings 2014 results: UK's 'golden triangle' accounts for 8 of the country's 10 representatives in top 100". Times Higher Education. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
  25. ^ Geographic breakdown of public research and innovation expenditure (PDF) (Report). Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. June 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2022.


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