| Guich | |
|---|---|
| جيش (Arabic) | |
| Active | 1664–1912[1] |
| Country |  Morocco |
| Allegiance | Sultan of Morocco |
| Branch | Army and Military police |
| Type | Infantry and Cavalry |
| Size | Unknown |
| Garrison/HQ | Fes and Marrakesh |
| Equipment | Moukahla Nimcha Khanjar Winchester rifle (later)[1] |
Guich tribes,[2] Gish tribes, or Jaysh tribes[3] (Arabic: جيش jaysh, literally "Army"[4][5]), or sometimes Makhzen tribes, were tribes of usually Arab origin[6][7] organized by the sultans of Moroccan dynasties under the pre-colonial Makhzen regime to serve as troops and military garrisons, as well as to protect the outskirts of the capital and suppress rebellions.[2] They were usually cantoned in their own lands and maintained a state of perpetual military mobilization.[1] The contingents were formed in order to be loyal to the sultan only instead of to other local interests, but they often maintained a coherent group identity long after the death of the sultan and were sometimes the source of political instability.[8][1] The historical guich system took shape primarily under the reign of the 'Alawid sultan Mawlay Isma'il, although variations of similar military organisations were used by prior rulers and dynasties.[8][1] The major historical guich tribes were the Cheraga, the Udayas, the Cherarda, and the Bwakher.[1] The guich constituted one of the main parts of the Moroccan army.[3]: 55
- ^ a b c d e f Cahen, Cl.; Cour, A.; Kedourie, E. (2012). "D̲j̲ays̲h̲". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill.
- ^ a b Coulet, Louise (1967). "J. le Coz, Les tribus Guichs au Maroc. Essai de Géographie agraire. Extrait de la revue de Géographie du Maroc". Méditerranée. 8 (3): 256–258.
- ^ a b III, Edmund Burke (2009-02-15). Prelude to Protectorate in Morocco: Pre-Colonial Protest and Resistance, 1860-1912. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-08084-0.
- ^ Michaël Peyron (1995). "Djich". In Gabriel Camps (ed.). Encyclopédie berbère. Vol. 16. Aix-en-Provence: Édisud. pp. 2466–2468.
- ^ Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (2004). "The 'Alawid or Filali Sharifs". The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 9780748621378.
- ^ III, Edmund Burke (2009-02-15). Prelude to Protectorate in Morocco: Pre-Colonial Protest and Resistance, 1860-1912. University of Chicago Press. p. 268. ISBN 978-0-226-08084-0.
- ^ Bidwell, Robin Leonard (1973). Morocco Under Colonial Rule: French Administration of Tribal Areas 1912-1956. Cass. p. 207. ISBN 978-0-7146-2877-6.
- ^ a b Abun-Nasr, Jamil (1987). A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521337674.