Hai San Secret Society

Hai San Society
海山公司
	The Captain China and his fighting men at Klang, June 1874.
Founded	1799
Founding location	Penang Island, East India Company.
Years active	1820–1890
Territory	Malaya and Singapore
Ethnicity	Hakka Chinese
Activities	Bribery, conspiracy, extortion and mercenary
Rivals	Ghee Hin Society

The Hai San Society (Chinese: 海山公司; pinyin: Hǎi Shān Gōng Sī; Jyutping: Hoi² Saan¹; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hái-san; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Hói-sân), which had its origins in Southern China,^[1] was a Penang-based Chinese secret society established around 1820 and in 1825 led by Low, Ah Chong^[2] and Hoh Akow (also spelt Ho Ah Kow or Hok Ah Keow), its titular head. At that time the society's headquarters was located at Beach Street (Ujong Passir).^[3]

^ Encyclopædia Britannica
^ Triad Societies: Western Accounts of the History, Sociology and Linguistics of Chinese Secret Societies By Kingsley Bolton, Gustaaf Schlegel, Herbert Allen Giles, Christopher Hutton, J. S. M. Ward, Mervyn Llewelyn Wynne, W. P. Morgan, William Stanton, W. G. Stirling; Contributor Kingsley Bolton, Chris Hutton; Published by Taylor & Francis, 2000; ISBN 0-415-24397-1, ISBN 978-0-415-24397-1
^ Straits Settlements Factory Records Vol 101 (1825) Page 1476-1480 and 1604

[EB-1] Encyclopædia Britannica

[0:-2] Triad Societies: Western Accounts of the History, Sociology and Linguistics of Chinese Secret Societies By Kingsley Bolton, Gustaaf Schlegel, Herbert Allen Giles, Christopher Hutton, J. S. M. Ward, Mervyn Llewelyn Wynne, W. P. Morgan, William Stanton, W. G. Stirling; Contributor Kingsley Bolton, Chris Hutton; Published by Taylor & Francis, 2000; ISBN 0-415-24397-1, ISBN 978-0-415-24397-1

[3] Straits Settlements Factory Records Vol 101 (1825) Page 1476-1480 and 1604

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