Halyna Kuzmenko

Matushka Halyna Kuzmenko
Галина Кузьменко
Born	Agafya Andriivna Kuzmenko (1897-01-09)9 January 1897 Kiev, Russian Empire (now Ukraine)
Died	23 March 1978(1978-03-23) (aged 81) Dzhambyl, Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union (now Kazakhstan)
Occupation	Teacher
Movement	Makhnovshchina
Spouse	Nestor Makhno
Children	Elena Mikhnenko

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Agafya "Halyna" Andriivna Kuzmenko (Ukrainian: Галина Андріївна Кузьменко; 1897–1978) was a Ukrainian teacher and anarchist revolutionary. After moving to southern Ukraine, she became a prominent figure within the ranks of the Makhnovshchina, a mass movement to establish a libertarian communist society. Kuzmenko spearheaded the movement's educational activities, promoted Ukrainization and acted as an outspoken advocate of women's rights. Along with her husband, the anarchist military leader Nestor Makhno, in 1921 she fled into exile from the political repression in Ukraine. While imprisoned for subversive activities in Poland, she gave birth to her daughter Elena Mikhnenko, whom she brought with her to Paris. Following the death of her husband, the outbreak of World War II saw her deportation for forced labour, first by the Nazis and then by the Soviets. After her release, she spent her final days with her daughter in Kazakh SSR.