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Hausa people

Hausa
مُتَنٜىٰنْ هَوْسَا / هَوْسَاوَا
Mutanen Hausa / Hausawa
Hausa emblem[1][2] is an older and traditionally established emblem of Hausa identity – the 'Dagin Arewa' or 'Northern knot' – in a star shape, used in historic and traditional architecture, design and hand-embroidery.[3][4]
Total population
86 million
Regions with significant populations
 Nigeria71,000,000[5]
 Niger13,800,000[6]
 Ivory Coast1,000,000[7]
 Sudan664,000[8]
 Cameroon400,000[9]
 Ghana275,000[10]
 Benin36,360[11]
 Eritrea30,000[12]
 Togo21,900[13]
 Gabon17,000[14][13]
 Algeria12,000[7]
Languages
Hausa
Religion
Islam
Related ethnic groups
Other Chadic-speaking peoples, Cushitic-speaking peoples, Habesha peoples, Arab peoples, Nilo-Saharans, Omotic-speaking peoples and Tuareg

The Hausa (autonyms for singular: Bahaushe (m), Bahaushiya (f); plural: Hausawa and general: Hausa;[15] exonyms: Ausa; Ajami: مُتَنٜىٰنْ هَوْسَا / هَوْسَاوَا) are a native ethnic group in West Africa.[16][17] They speak the Hausa language, which is the second most spoken language after Arabic in the Afro-Asiatic language family.[18][19] The Hausa are a culturally homogeneous people based primarily in the Sahelian and the sparse savanna areas of southern Niger and northern Nigeria respectively,[20] numbering around 86 million people, with significant populations in Benin, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Chad, Central African Republic, Togo, Ghana,[10] as well as smaller populations in Sudan, Eritrea,[12] Equatorial Guinea,[21] Gabon, Senegal, Gambia. Predominantly Hausa-speaking communities are scattered throughout West Africa and on the traditional Hajj route north and east traversing the Sahara, with an especially large population in and around the town of Agadez.[22] Other Hausa have also moved to large coastal cities in the region such as Lagos, Port Harcourt, Accra, Abidjan, Banjul and Cotonou as well as to parts of North Africa such as Libya over the course of the last 500 years. The Hausa traditionally live in small villages as well as in precolonial towns and cities where they grow crops, raise livestock including cattle as well as engage in trade, both local and long distance across Africa. They speak the Hausa language, an Afro-Asiatic language of the Chadic group. The Hausa aristocracy had historically developed an equestrian based culture.[23] Still a status symbol of the traditional nobility in Hausa society, the horse still features in the Eid day celebrations, known as Ranar Sallah (in English: the Day of the Prayer).[24] Daura is the cultural center of the Hausa people. The town predates all the other major Hausa towns in tradition and culture.[25]

  1. ^ "Flag of the Stateless Nations". Stateless-nations.com. Retrieved 2022-08-07.
  2. ^ "Hausa ethnic flag". www.fotw.us. Archived from the original on 13 March 2013. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
  3. ^ Renne, Elisha (January 2002). "Hausa Hand-Embroidery and Local Development in Northern Nigeria". Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings.
  4. ^ "Hausa embroidered tunic".
  5. ^ Nigeria country profile at CIA's The World Factbook: "Hausa 30%" out of a population of 236,747,130 (2024 estimate).
  6. ^ "Africa: Niger – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. 27 April 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  7. ^ a b "Hausa". Ethnologue. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  8. ^ "Sudan". Retrieved December 8, 2023.
  9. ^ "PeopleGroups.org – Hausa". PeopleGroups.org.
  10. ^ a b "Hausa". Ethnologue. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  11. ^ "Beninese Culture – Haoussa 0.3%". Beninembassy.us. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  12. ^ a b "Nigerian Eritreans – The history of Hausa and Bargo in Eritrea". Madote.
  13. ^ a b "Hausa". Ethnologue. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  14. ^ "Hausa in Gabon". Joshua Project. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  15. ^ Adamu, Muhammadu Uba (2019). Sabon tarihin : asalin hausawa (Bugu na biyu ed.). Kano: MJB Printers. OCLC 1120749202.
  16. ^ "Ethnicity in Nigeria". PBS NewsHour. 2007-04-05. Retrieved 2022-12-07.
  17. ^ Godwin, David Leon (2022-04-14). "Top 10 largest tribes in Africa". NewsWireNGR. Retrieved 2022-12-07.
  18. ^ Wood, Sam (17 June 2020). "All In The Language Family: The Afro-Asiatic Languages". Babbel Magazine. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  19. ^ "Hausa". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2022-01-17.
  20. ^ Gusau, Sa'idu Muhammad (1996). Makad̳a da mawak̳an Hausa. Kaduna. ISBN 978-31798-3-7. OCLC 40213913.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  21. ^ "Hausa in Equatorial Guinea". Joshua Project. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
  22. ^ Adamu, M (1987). the Hausa factor in west African History, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria – Nigeria.
  23. ^ Koops, Katrin (1996). The role of the horse in Hausa culture (Thesis). Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  24. ^ "» Horse Talk: Horse Breeding in Niger Esther Garvi: Niger, West Africa". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  25. ^ Lugga, S. Abubakar (2004). The Great Province. lugga press. pp. 12–15.

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