International motorcycle club
The Hells Angels Motorcycle Club (HAMC ) is an international outlaw motorcycle club whose members typically ride Harley-Davidson motorcycles. In the United States and Canada, the Hells Angels are incorporated as the Hells Angels Motorcycle Corporation . Common nicknames for the club are the "H.A.", "Red & White", "HAMC", and "81".[10] With a membership of over 6,000, and 467 charters in 59 countries, the HAMC is the largest "outlaw" motorcycle club in the world.[8] [9] [11]
Many police and international intelligence agencies, including the United States Department of Justice , the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada , the Australian Federal Police , and Europol , consider the club an organized crime syndicate.[12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18]
^ Gartrell, Nate (June 29, 2022). "Sonny Barger, famous Hells Angel and bestselling author, dead at 83 of cancer" . The Mercury News . Archived from the original on July 14, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022 .
^ Hells merchandise barred from Friday 13th Monte Sonnenberg, Simcoe Reformer (May 8, 2019) Archived May 8, 2019, at the Wayback Machine
^ "The Founding of the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club" . Hells-Angels.com . Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved May 3, 2021 .
^ a b "Inside the biker gangs: the truth about guns, drugs and organized crime" . The Independent . UK. August 14, 2007. Archived from the original on June 9, 2008. Retrieved August 13, 2010 .
^ Drewery, George (Spring 2003). "3 Skulls, Wings & Outlaws – Motorcycle Club Insignia & Cultural Identity" (PDF) . Inter-Cultural Studies; A Forum on Social Change & Cultural Diversity . Vol. 3, no. 2. p. 29. ISSN 1445-1190 . Archived from the original (PDF) on September 6, 2006.
^ The Hells Angels’ devilish business (Fortune, 1992) Archived March 9, 2021, at the Wayback Machine Andy Serwer, Fortune (December 2, 2012)
^ Hells Angels MC World Archived October 17, 2022, at the Wayback Machine At the bottom of the homepage under "CHARTERS WORLDWIDE" is a listing of all current info - continents, countries, areas and charters
^ a b Hells Angels organizing on P.E.I., say RCMP Kevin Yarr and Sally Pitt, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (September 23, 2016) Archived September 24, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
^ a b Hells Angels clubhouses in Kelowna, Nanaimo and Vancouver seized by government Jacqueline Gelineau, Houston Today (February 15, 2023) Archived February 17, 2023, at the Wayback Machine
^ "81" is a metonym. As 'H' and 'A' are the 8th and 1st letter of the alphabet.
^ Miller, Michael E. (May 18, 2015). "How the Bandidos became one of the world's most feared biker gangs" . Washington Post . ISSN 0190-8286 . Archived from the original on April 14, 2022. Retrieved October 15, 2022 .
^ "Motorcycle gang" . U.S. Department of Justice. Archived from the original on April 15, 2014. Retrieved January 23, 2010 .
^ Lockyer, Bill (2003). "ORGANIZED CRIME IN CALIFORNIA" (PDF) . CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE . Archived from the original (PDF) on January 29, 2010. Retrieved January 23, 2010 .
^ "ORGANIZED CRIME IN OREGON" (PDF) . Oregon State Department of Justice. September 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 21, 2011. Retrieved January 23, 2010 .
^ "ASIAN ORGANIZED CRIME AND TERRORIST ACTIVITY IN CANADA, 1999–2002" (PDF) . Federal Research Division . Library of Congress. July 2003. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved January 23, 2010 .
^ "Major international operation against Hells Angels" . Europol . July 24, 2013. Archived from the original on November 20, 2022. Retrieved October 15, 2022 . "Major international operation against Hells Angels | Europol" . Archived from the original on November 20, 2022. Retrieved October 15, 2022 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link )
^ 2003 Annual Report on Organized Crime in Canada Criminal Intelligence Service Canada (2003) Archived July 2, 2023, at the Wayback Machine
^ AFP targets outlaw motorcycle gangs in South-East Asia Australian Federal Police (July 11, 2022) Archived July 10, 2022, at the Wayback Machine