Help:IPA/Navajo

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Navajo on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Navajo in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

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H:IPA-NV

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Navajo language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Navajo phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Navajo.

Consonants
IPA	Orthography	English approximation
ʔ	’	the catch in uh-oh
p	b	spill^[1]
tʃʰ	ch	child
tʃʼ	ch'	a glottalized version of ch
t	d	stay^[2]
tɬ	dl	somewhat like atlas
ts	dz	cats
k	g	skate^[3]
ɰ	gh	war, but unrounded
h	h	he^[4]
hʷ	hw	blowing out a candle, or as in which (without the witch-which merger)
tʃ	j	teacher
kʰ	k	king
kʼ	k'	somewhat like bike, with glottalization
kʷʼ	kw'	liquid with glottalization
l	l	lake
ɬ	ł	no English equivalent; Welsh llwyd
m	m	man
n	n	nice
s	s	sad
ʃ	sh	shell
tʰ	t	"t" in tie
tʼ	t'	somewhat like right with glottalization
tɬʰ	tł	no English equivalent
tɬʼ	tł'	no English equivalent
tsʰ	ts	cats with aspiration
tsʼ	ts'	somewhat like cats with glottalization
w	w	was
j	y	yellow
z	z	was
ʒ	zh	garage, pleasure

Oral vowels
IPA	Orthography	English approximation
a˩	a	somewhat like bra with low tone
a˥	á	somewhat like bra with high tone
aː˩	aa	long "a" in bra with low tone
aː˥	áá	long "a" in bra with high tone
e˩	e	met with low tone
e˥	é	met with high tone
eː˩	ee	long "e" in met with low tone
eː˥	éé	long "e" in met with high tone
i˩	i^[5]	seet with low tone
i˥	í	seet with high tone
iː˩	ii	long "ee" in see with low tone
iː˥	íí	long "ee" in see with high tone
o˩	o	somewhat like story with low tone
o˥	ó	somewhat like story with high tone
oː˩	oo	long "o" with low tone
oː˥	óó	long "o" with high tone

Nasal vowels
IPA	Orthography	English approximation
ã˩	ą	nasal "a" for bra with low tone
ã˥	ą́	nasal "a" for bra with high tone
ãː˩	ąą	long nasal "a" for bra with low tone
ãː˥	ą́ą́	long nasal "a" for bra with high tone
ẽ˩	ę	nasal "e" for met with low tone
ẽ˥	ę́	nasal "e" for met with high tone
ẽː˩	ęę	long nasal "e" for met with low tone
ẽː˥	ę́ę́	long nasal "e" for met with high tone
ĩ˩	į	nasal "ee" for see with low tone
ĩ˥	į́	nasal "ee" for see with high tone
ĩː˩	įį	long nasal "ee" for see with low tone
ĩː˥	į́į́	long nasal "ee" for see with high tone
õ˩	ǫ	nasal "oa" for story with low tone
õ˥	ǫ́	nasal "oa" for story with high tone
õː˩	ǫǫ	long nasal "oa" for story with low tone
õː˥	ǫ́ǫ́	long nasal "oa" for story with high tone

^ "Native Languages" website
^ "Native Languages" website
^ "Native Languages" website
^ "Native Languages" says it can be realized also as the raspy x, somewhat like the "h" in he.
^ "Native Languages" says it can be realized also as the "i" in sit (ɪ).

[1] "Native Languages" website

[2] "Native Languages" website

[3] "Native Languages" website

[4] "Native Languages" says it can be realized also as the raspy x, somewhat like the "h" in he.

[5] "Native Languages" says it can be realized also as the "i" in sit (ɪ).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]