Help:IPA/Tibetan

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Tibetan on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Tibetan in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

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H:IPA-BO

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Standard Tibetan pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

IPA	Tibetan	English approximation
Consonants
b	བ	bog ([p] on a low tone)
c	ཀྱ	skew
cʰ	ཁྱ གྱ	cute
ɕ	ཞ ཤ	sheep
d	ད	dog ([t] on a low tone)
ɖ ~ ɖʐ	གྲ	draw ([ʈ]~[ʈʂ] on a low tone)
dz	ཛ	adz ([ts] on a low tone)
dʑ	ཇ	jeep ([tɕ] on a low tone)
ɡ	ག	gone ([k] on a low tone)
h	ཧ	head
j	ཡ	yes
ɟ	གྱ	argue ([c] on a low tone)
k	ཀ	scat
kʰ	ཁ ག	cat
l	ལ	leap
l̥	ལྷ	(voiceless l, like hl)
m	མ	moon
n	ན	noon
ɲ	ཉ	canyon
ŋ	ང	song
p	པ	spin
pʰ	ཕ བ	pin
ɹ	ར	the r in drink
ɹ̥	རྷ	(voiceless r, like hr)
s	ཟ ས	song
ʂ	ཧྲ	like first part of shrew [ʂɹu]
t	ཏ	stop
tʰ	ད ཐ	top
ʈ ~ ʈʂ	ཀྲ	stream
ʈʰ ~ ʈʂʰ	ཁྲ གྲ	track
tɕ	ཅ	beach
tɕʰ	ཇ ཆ	cheer
ts	ཙ	cats
tsʰ	ཛ ཚ	tsunami
w	ཝ	water
z	ཟ	zoo ([s] on a low tone)
ʑ	ཞ	genre ([ɕ] on a low tone)
ʔ	ཨ	oh-oh!
ʎ	ལྱ	Spanish castilla
ɥ	ཝཡ	French huit (Between yet and wet)
ç	ཧྱ	similarly huge

IPA	Tibetan	English approximation
Vowels
a	ཨ	between fat and father
e	ཨེ	day
ɛ	ཨ	bed
i	ཨི	see
ɪ	ཨི	sit
o	ཨོ	story
ø	ཨོ	RP rural
ɔ	ཨོ	off
œ	ཨོ	furry
u	ཨུ	cool
ʊ	ཨུ	good
y	ཨུ	roughly like root (some dialects)^[1]; French tu, German über
ʏ	ཨུ	like sit but with the lips rounded; German fünf
◌̃		nasal vowel

Tones
IPA	Description
sí	high level: si˥
sî	high falling: si˥˧
sǐ	low rising: si˩˧
sì	low level: si˩

^ These dialects include modern Received Pronunciation and most forms of English English (with some exceptions such as Yorkshire), Australian, New Zealand, White South African, Scottish, Ulster, Southern American, Midland American, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Western Pennsylvania and California English. Other dialects of English, such as Northern American, New York City, New England, African American Vernacular, Welsh and Republic of Ireland English, have no close equiavalent vowel.

[y-1] These dialects include modern Received Pronunciation and most forms of English English (with some exceptions such as Yorkshire), Australian, New Zealand, White South African, Scottish, Ulster, Southern American, Midland American, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Western Pennsylvania and California English. Other dialects of English, such as Northern American, New York City, New England, African American Vernacular, Welsh and Republic of Ireland English, have no close equiavalent vowel.

[1]