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Help:IPA/Wu Chinese

The following tables list the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols used for Wu Chinese (吳語). For simplicity, only one romanization is given. See romanization of Wu Chinese for more variants.

Initial consonants
IPA Wugniu Examples[i]
b b [du˨ bi˥ za˨˩] 肚皮射
ɕ sh [bəʔ˩ ɕjã˨ ŋu˨˧] 白相我
d d [ɲiɪʔ˩ dɤ˨˧] 日頭
dʑ j [tsaʔ˦ dʑi˨˧] 着棋
f f [zɹ̩˨ le˥ fu˨˩] 自來火
g g [ɡa˨ se˥ βu˨˩] 茄山河
h h [kʰwən˧ loʔ˥ hwəʔ˨˩] 睏落寣
ɦ gh [fɑ̃˦ ɦjɔ˨ tsɹ̩˦] 放鷂子
k k [doʔ˩ ka˨ tsʰən˨˧] 獨家村
kʰ kh [ɦja˨ kʰwa˥ dɤ˨˩] 夜快頭
l l [lɔ˨ zoŋ˦] 老蟲
m m [tɕjaʔ˧ mø˥ dɤ˨˩] 腳饅頭
n n [tsʰoʔ˥ na˨˩] 戳㑚
ŋ ng [jɪʔ˧ ŋe˥ ŋe˨˩] 一眼眼
ɲ[ii] gn [kʰe˦ koʔ˧ ɲy˦ ] 開國語
p p [liɪʔ˩ piɪʔ˨ koʔ˨˧] 立壁角
pʰ ph [tsɔ˧ pʰi˥ ke˨˩] 灶披間
s s [sən˧ kɔ˥ ɲioʔ˨˩] 笋烤肉
t t [tã˧ kʰe˥ sɹ̩˨˩] 打開司
tɕ c [tsʰo˦ mo˨ tɕjã˦] 搓麻將
tɕʰ ch [loʔ˩ tɕʰi˨ le˨˧] 䟿起來
tʰ th [ze˨ tʰu˥ sɹ̩˨˩] 饞唾水
ts ts [tʰe˧ tsɔ˥ sɹ̩˨˩] 退招勢
tsʰ tsh [tsʰaʔ˧ u˦] 拆汙
v v [ve˨ te˦] 飯單
z z [zã˨ sən˥ ku˨˩] 長生果
ʑ zh [ʑjɲ˨ ɕjã˥ mo˨˩] 尋相罵
Final consonants
IPA Wugniu Examples[i]
Cons. Rhyme
-n[iii] ən en [sa˧ zən˥ kwɑ̃˨˩] 啥辰光
in in [te˥ ge˧ ɲin˨˩] 單隑人
wən[iv] uen [kwən˧ di˥ loŋ˨˩] 滾地龍
ɥn[v] yn [tɕʰi˥ ɦɥn˨˩] 牽勻
-ŋ joŋ[vi] iong [ɦjoŋ˨ dɤ˦] (嘸)用頭
oŋ ong [su˥ kʰoŋ˧ dɤ˨˩] 蘇空頭
-ʔ aʔ aq [saʔ˧ laʔ˦] 殺辣
əʔ eq [lɔ˨ kʰəʔ˥ laʔ˨˩] 老克拉
oʔ oq [loʔ˩ zã˨ sɹ̩˨˧ ] 落場勢
jaʔ[vi] iaq [hwaʔ˧ tɕjaʔ˦] 豁腳
jɪʔ[vii] iq [ɦã˨ tʰjɪʔ˥ dɤ˨˩] 杭鐵頭
joʔ[vi] ioq [da˨ ɦjoʔ˦] 汏浴
waʔ[iv] uaq [hwaʔ˧ pi˦] 豁邊
wəʔ[iv] ueq [ɦwəʔ˩ sən˨˧] 猢猻
ɥɪʔ[v] iuq [faʔ˧ ɕɥɪʔ˦ ] 發噱
Vowels
IPA Wugniu Examples[i]
a a [kʰa˥ mi˧ de˨˩] 揩面台
ã an [fã˦ ve˨ ɦoʔ˦] 放飯學
ɑ̃ aon [tɑ̃˦ bɑ̃˨˧] 打朋
e e [khuəʔ˧ pe˥ ŋa˨˩] 闊板牙
i i [ɕjaʔ˦ sɹ̩˧ pʰi˦] 削水片
ja[vi] ia [bø˨ ɦja˥ mɔ˨˩] 𨒃野貓
jã[vi] ian [ɕjã˦ bjɪʔ˩ dɤ˨˧] 香鼻頭
jɔ[vi] iau [tɕjɔ˥ kwe˨˩] 交關(熱)
jɤ[vi] ieu [kʰa˥ ɦjɤ˨˩] 揩油
o o [tjɔ˦ tsʰo˥ tsɹ̩˨˩] 吊車子
ø oe [bəʔ˩ ɕjã˨ kø˨˧] 白相干
ɔ au [gaʔ˩ nɔ˨ mã˨˧] 軋鬧猛
ɤ eu [tɕʰi˥ kən˧ tɤ˨˩] 躥跟斗
ɹ̩[ii] y [koʔ˧ tsɹ̩˦] 角子
u u [du˨ dɤ˥ moŋ˨˩] 大頭夢
wa[iv] ua [tsaʔ˧ kwa˦] (老)着乖
wã[viii] uan [ɦwã˨ sɹ̩˥ ɦwã˨˩] 橫豎横
wɑ̃[iv] uaon [ɕjɔ˦ di˨ kwɑ̃˦] 捎地光
we[iv] ue [kwe˦ ɦja˨ ɦo˦] 關夜學
wø[iv] uoe [kʰwø˥ sɹ̩˨˩] (辰光老)寛舒
y iu [ba˨ tɕy˦] 牌鬼
ɥø[v] ioe [ɲɥø˨ zoʔ˦] 軟熟
Tones
IPA Numeric
contours
[ix] 		Tonal
categories
(sequence) 		Examples[i]
Stand-alone tones
˥˨ ◌52 陰平 (◌1) [kʰe˦ hwən˥˨] 開葷
˧˦ ◌34 陰去 (◌5) [vəʔ˧ taʔ˧ ka˧˦] 勿搭界
˨˧ ◌23 陽去 (◌6) [məʔ˩ zɹ̩˨ dɤ˨˧] 物事頭
ʔ˥ ◌ʔ55 陰入 (◌7) [vəʔ˧ səʔ˥ i˨˩] 勿適意
ʔ˩˨ ◌ʔ12 陽入 (◌8) [dɤ˨ tsɹ̩˧ ɦuəʔ˩˨] 頭子活
Supplementary tonal changes
˥ ◌55 陰平 (◌1) [ɦwã˧ toŋ˥ dɔ˨˩] 橫東道
ʔ˩ ◌ʔ11 陽入 (◌8) [ɦəʔ˩ pʰoʔ˨ kʰwən˨˧] 合撲睏
˨˩ ◌21 / [kʰwən˧ səʔ˥ hwəʔ˨˩] 睏失寣
˦ ◌44 / [dʑi˧ ba˨ dɤ˦] 掮牌頭
˧ ◌33 / [zu˧ dən˨ tsoŋ˦] 坐臀中
˨ ◌22 / [fɑ̃˧ tsaʔ˧ mɔ˨ dɤ˦] 放隻碼頭
ʔ˦ ◌ʔ44 / [gue˨ saʔ˦] 摜殺
ʔ˨ ◌ʔ33 / [ɲjã˨ gəʔ˧ toŋ˥ tsʰe˨] 娘個東采
ʔ˨ ◌ʔ22 / [tɑ̃˥ zaʔ˧ vəʔ˧ zaʔ˨] 當着勿着
  1. ^ 钱乃荣; 许宝华; 汤珍珠, eds. (2007). 上海话大词典 [Shanghainese Grand Dictionary]. 上海辞书出版社.
  2. ^ 钱乃荣 (1988). "第贰章语音". In 许宝华; 汤珍珠 (eds.). 上海市区方言志 [A study of the Shanghai Urban Dialect]. 上海教育出版社. pp. 4, 8, 9, 24.
  3. ^ Zhu, Xiaonong (1995). Shanghai Tonetics (PhD thesis). Australian National University.


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