Back Hematurie Afrikaans بول دموي Arabic Гематурыя Byelorussian Хематурия Bulgarian Hematurija BS Hematúria Catalan خوێنمیزی CKB Hematurie Czech Hämaturie German Αιματουρία Greek
| Hematuria | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Haematuria, erythrocyturia, blood in the urine |
 | |
| Visible hematuria that is tea-colored | |
| Specialty | Nephrology, Urology |
| Symptoms | Blood in the urine |
| Causes | Urinary tract infection, kidney stone, bladder cancer, kidney cancer |
Hematuria or haematuria is defined as the presence of blood or red blood cells in the urine.[1] "Gross hematuria" occurs when urine appears red, brown, or tea-colored due to the presence of blood. Hematuria may also be subtle and only detectable with a microscope or laboratory test.[2] Blood that enters and mixes with the urine can come from any location within the urinary system, including the kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra, and in men, the prostate.[3] Common causes of hematuria include urinary tract infection (UTI), kidney stones, viral illness, trauma, bladder cancer, and exercise.[4] These causes are grouped into glomerular and non-glomerular causes, depending on the involvement of the glomerulus of the kidney.[1] But not all red urine is hematuria.[5] Other substances such as certain medications and foods (e.g. blackberries, beets, food dyes) can cause urine to appear red.[5] Menstruation in women may also cause the appearance of hematuria and may result in a positive urine dipstick test for hematuria.[6] A urine dipstick test may also give an incorrect positive result for hematuria if there are other substances in the urine such as myoglobin, a protein excreted into urine during rhabdomyolysis. A positive urine dipstick test should be confirmed with microscopy, where hematuria is defined by three or more red blood cells per high power field.[6] When hematuria is detected, a thorough history and physical examination with appropriate further evaluation (e.g. laboratory testing) can help determine the underlying cause.[1]
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