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Hindeodus

Hindeodus
Temporal range: Early Carboniferous-Early Triassic
Complete apparatus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: †Conodonta
Order: †Ozarkodinida
Family: †Anchignathodontidae
Genus: †Hindeodus
Rexroad & Furnish, 1964[1]
Species
  • †H. capitanensis[2]
  • †H. changxingensis
  • †H. cristilus
  • †H. eurypyge
  • †H. gulloides[3]
  • †H.infaltus
  • †H. julfenis
  • †H. parvus
  • †H. permicus[4]
  • †H. praeparvus
  • †H. priscus [5]
  • †H. typicalis [6]
  • †H. wordensis

Hindeodus is an extinct genus of conodonts in the family Anchignathodontidae. The generic name Hindeodus is a tribute to George Jennings Hinde, a British geologist and paleontologist from the 1800s and early 1900s. The suffix -odus typically describes the animal's teeth, essentially making Hindeodus mean Hinde-teeth.

Conodonts such as Hindeodus are typically small, elongate, marine animals that look similar to eels today. Hindeodus existed from the early Carboniferous through the early Triassic during which they inhabited a wide variety of different environments in the Paleozoic and Triassic seas.[7] Their body consisted entirely of soft tissues, except for an assortment of phosphatic elements believed to be their feeding apparatus.[8] Despite years of controversy regarding their phylogenetic position, conodonts such as Hindeodus are now considered to be vertebrates. They are slightly more derived than the early vertebrates called Cyclostomata, and are part of a large clade of "complex conodonts" called Prioniodontida in the order Ozarkodinina.[7] Hindeodus fossils are distributed worldwide due to the diversity of environments they inhabited.[9] Species of Hindeodus are differentiated by slight variation of the elements of their feeding apparatus. A species of Hindeodus called Hindeodus parvus is particularly well studied because it is used as an index fossil defining the Permian-Triassic boundary.[10]

  1. ^ Conodonts from the Pella Formation (Mississippian), South-Central Iowa. Carl B. Rexroad and W. M. Furnish, Journal of Paleontology, Vol. 38, No. 4 (Jul., 1964), pages 667-676 (Stable URL, retrieved 07 June 2016)
  2. ^ Bruce R. Wardlaw; Merlynd K. Nestell (2015). "Conodont faunas from a complete basinal succession of the upper part of the Wordian (Middle Permian, Guadalupian, West Texas)". Micropaleontology. 61 (4–5): 257–292. Bibcode:2015MiPal..61..257W. doi:10.47894/mpal.61.4.02.
  3. ^ Guadalupian (Middle Permian) Conodonts of Sponge-Bearing Limestones from the Margins of the Delaware Basin, West Texas. Kozur H. and Mostler H., Geologia Croatica, 1995, 48(2), page 107-128. (abstract, retrieved 08 June 2016)
  4. ^ Yi-chun Zhang; Shu-zhong Shen; Dong-xun Yuan; Charles M. Henderson; Junichi Tazawa (2012). "Implications of Kungurian (Early Permian) conodonts from Hatahoko, Japan, for correlation between the Tethyan and international timescales". Micropaleontology. 58 (6): 505–522. Bibcode:2012MiPal..58..505S. doi:10.47894/mpal.58.6.03.
  5. ^ Nicoli R.S..; Metcalfe I.; Yuan W.C. (2002). "New species of the conodont Genus Hindeodus and the conodont biostratigraphy of the Permian–Triassic boundary interval". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 20 (6): 609–631. Bibcode:2002JAESc..20..609N. doi:10.1016/S1367-9120(02)00021-4.
  6. ^ Kozur H.W.; Ramovs A; Zakharov Y.D.; Wang C. (1995). "The importance of Hindeodus parvus (Conodonta) for the definition of the Permian-Triassic boundary and evaluation of the proposed sections for a global stratotype section and point (GSSP) for the base of the Triassic". Geologija. 38 (37): 173–213. doi:10.5474/geologija.1995.007.
  7. ^ a b Sweet WC. 1988. The Conodonta : Morphology, Taxonomy, Paleoecology, and Evolutionary History of a Long-Extinct Animal Phylum. New York: Clarendon Press
  8. ^ Sweet, W.C., Donoghue, P.C.J. 2001. Conodonts: Past, Present, Future. Journal of Paleontology (75)6: 1174-1184.
  9. ^ R. S. Nicoll, I. Metcalfe, W.C Yuan. 2002. New species of the conodont Genus Hindeodus and the conodont biostratigraphy of the Permian–Triassic boundary interval. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences (20)6: 609-631
  10. ^ Kozur, H.W., Ramovš, A., Zakharov, Y.D., & Wang, C. 1995. The importance of Hindeodus parvus (Conodonta) for the definition of the Permian-Triassic boundary and evaluation of the proposed sections for a global stratotype section and point (GSSP) for the base of the Triassic.Geologija (38)37: 173-213.

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