Back الحراك الشعبي (الجزائر) Arabic Əlcəzair etirazları (2019) Azerbaijani Протести в Алжир (2019) Bulgarian Protestas en Argelia de 2019-2020 Spanish اعتراضات ۲۰۱۹–۲۰۲۱ الجزایر Persian Algerian mielenosoitukset 2019 Finnish Hirak (Algérie) French המחאות באלג'יריה (2019–2020) HE Բողոքի ակցիաներ Ալժիրում (2019) Armenian Protes Aljazair 2019–2020 ID

Hirak (Algeria)

For other uses, see Hirak.

2019–2021 Algerian protests
Protesters on 22 February 2019 in Oran
Date
  • 16 February 2019[1] – 20 March 2020[2]
  • (1 year, 1 month and 4 days)
  • 5 October 2020 – 9 October 2020
  • (4 days)
  • 18 February 2021 – 30 April 2021[3]
(2 months, 1 week and 5 days)
Location
 Algeria
Diaspora communities:
Caused by
Goals
Methods
Resulted in
Parties

Anti-government protesters:

Organizations:

Political parties:

Supported by:

Lead figures

Non-centralized leadership

Government leaders:
Algeria Abdelaziz Bouteflika
(Former President)
Algeria Abdelkader Bensalah
(Former acting President)
Algeria Abdelmadjid Tebboune
(President)
Algeria Ahmed Gaid Salah #
(Former Chief of Staff)
Algeria Saïd Chengriha
(Chief of Staff)
Algeria Ahmed Ouyahia
(Former Prime Minister)
Algeria Abdelmalek Sellal
(Former Prime Minister and Bouteflika's campaign manager)
Algeria Noureddine Bedoui
(Former Prime Minister)
Algeria Sabri Boukadoum
(Former acting Prime Minister)
Algeria Abdelaziz Djerrad
(Prime Minister)
Algeria Mouad Bouchareb
(Former Assembly Speaker)
Algeria Slimane Chenine
(Assembly Speaker)
Algeria Tayeb Belaiz
(Former Head of Constitutional Council)
Algeria Belkacem Zeghmati
(Minister of Justice, Keeper of the Seals)
Algeria Salah Eddine Dahmoune
(Former Minister of Interior and Local Government)
Algeria Kamel Beldjoud
(Minister of Interior and Local Government)

Casualties
Injuries183 (112 police officers)[22]
Arrested+1,200[23][24][22][25]

The 2019–2021 Algerian protests, also called Revolution of Smiles[26][27] or Hirak (Arabic: الحِرَاك, romanized: al-Ḥirāk, lit. 'The movement'[28]), began on 16 February 2019,[1][29] six days after Abdelaziz Bouteflika announced his candidacy for a fifth presidential term in a signed statement. These protests, without precedent since the Algerian Civil War, were peaceful and led the military to insist on Bouteflika's immediate resignation, which took place on 2 April 2019.[30] By early May, a significant number of power-brokers close to the deposed administration, including the former president's younger brother Saïd, had been arrested.[31][32]

The rising tensions within the Algerian regime can be traced back to the beginning of Bouteflika's rule which has been characterized by the state's monopoly on natural resources revenues used to finance the government's clientelist system and ensure its stability.[33] Major demonstrations took place in the largest urban centers of Algeria from February to December 2019. Due to their significant scale, the protests attracted international media coverage and provoked reactions from several heads of states and scholarly figures.

  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference LeMonde_Kherrata_16Feb was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ "Algerians forego weekly protest amid coronavirus". Reuters. 2020-03-20. Retrieved 2020-03-20.
  3. ^ "Hirak supporters demonstrate in Algeria, reject elections". The Arab Weekly. 2021-05-01.
  4. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference ElWatan_creation_Forces was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ "Algerians begin general strike against Bouteflika's rule". The Guardian. 2019-03-10. Retrieved 2019-03-10.
  6. ^ "General strike in Algeria against Bensalah's ascension to presidency". Middle East Monitor. 2019-04-11. Retrieved 2019-04-11.
  7. ^ "Population out in force for general strike in Algeria". IndustriALL Global Union. 2019-11-07. Retrieved 2019-11-07.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference ElWatan_RCD_8pourcent was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference APS_official_results was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ "Algerian protests blunted without a shot fired in anger". Al Jazeera. 2020-01-30. Retrieved 2020-05-02.
  11. ^ Guidara, Amin (2020-01-30). "Algérie: une révision cosmétique de la Constitution" [Algeria: a cosmetic revision of the Constitution]. La Croix. Retrieved 2020-01-09.
  12. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference ECFR_algeria was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference Reporters_FCC_creation_9mars2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference LeWatan_creation_FACE_3mars was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference ElWatan_DSC_24aout_11nov was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference AlgEco_pre_creation_CNLD was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Cite error: The named reference LAvantGarde_creation_Forces was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ^ Cite error: The named reference AlgiersHerald_EU_condemns_Algeria was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^ Cite error: The named reference EuroParl_condemns-Algeriaa was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Echorouk_regional_organizations_condemn_EP was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  21. ^ "Reactions pour in over EP's resolution on freedoms in Algeria". Algeria Press Service. 2019-12-01. Retrieved 2019-12-01.
  22. ^ a b "Größte Proteste gegen Bouteflika: 200 Verletzte und 200 Festnahmen in Algerien" [Biggest protests against Bouteflika: 200 injured and 200 arrests in Algeria]. ZDF (in German). 2019-03-09. Archived from the original on 2019-04-03. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
  23. ^ Cite error: The named reference ElWatan_CNLD_1200 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ "Proteste weiten sich aus: Hunderte Festnahmen in Algerien" [Protests are spreading: hundreds of arrests in Algeria]. n-tv (in German). 2019-03-08. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
  25. ^ Cite error: The named reference Haaretz_400_arrests was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  26. ^ Adlène Meddi (2019-03-15). "Algérie, les 4 pièges à éviter pour la "révolution du sourire"" [Algeria, the 4 traps to avoid for the "smile revolution"]. Le Point (in French). Archived from the original on 2019-03-26. Retrieved 2019-03-16.
  27. ^ Myriam Belkaïd (2019-03-19). "La révolution du sourire, Acte 1, scène 4" [The Smile Revolution, Act 1, Scene 4]. HuffPost Maghreb (in French). Archived from the original on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-04-02.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  28. ^ "26th Friday Protest Marches Reiterate Main Hirak Movement's Demands". Algeria Press Service. 2019-08-16. Archived from the original on 2019-08-24. Retrieved 2019-08-24.
  29. ^ Cite error: The named reference AlgPat_Kherrata_16Feb was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  30. ^ Cite error: The named reference Carnegie_Tlemçani was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  31. ^ "Algeria: Said Bouteflika and two spy chiefs arrested". DW. 2019-05-04. Archived from the original on 2019-05-26. Retrieved 2019-05-25.
  32. ^ "Algeria Military Judge Orders Arrest of Bouteflika's Brother". Asharq Al-Awsat. 2019-05-05. Archived from the original on 2019-05-26. Retrieved 2019-05-25.
  33. ^ Rasmus Alenius Boserup; Luis Martinez, eds. (2016). Algeria Modern: From opacity to complexity. CERI/Sciences Po. London: Hurst. ISBN 978-1-84904-587-2.

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