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Jainism is a religion founded in ancient India. Jains trace their history through twenty-four tirthankara and revere Rishabhanatha as the first tirthankara (in the present time-cycle). The last two tirthankara, the 23rd tirthankara Parshvanatha (c. 9th–8th century BCE) and the 24th tirthankara Mahavira (c. 599 – c. 527 BCE) are considered historical figures. According to Jain texts, the 22nd tirthankara Neminatha lived about 84,000 years ago and was the cousin of Krishna.[1]
The two main sects of Jainism, the Digambara and the Śvētāmbara sects, likely started forming around the 1st century CE, and the schism was complete by about the 5th century CE.[2] These sects later subdivided into several sub-sects, such as Sthānakavāsī and Terapanthis after a misinterpretation of scriptures. The Digambara sect divided into Taranpanth, Terapanth, and Bispanth.[3] Many of its historic temples that still exist today were built in the 1st millennium CE.
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- ^ www.wisdomlib.org (6 March 2018). "Part 9: Birth of Neminātha". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ Roy, Ashim Kumar (1984). A History of the Jainas. Gitanjali Publishing House. ISBN 978-0-8364-1136-2.
- ^ Jain Dharma, Kailash Chandra Siddhanta Shastri, 1985.
- ^ Quintanilla 2007, pp. 174–176.
- ^ Jaini & Goldman 2018, pp. 42–45.