History of Kenya

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History of Kenya
Overview Timeline of Kenya List of years in Kenya
Pleistocene Koobi Fora Hominins Olorgesailie Aechulean hand axe culture Kariandusi prehistoric site Enkapune Ya Muto Nataruk
Neolithic Lothagam North Monumental Cemetery Kalokol Pillar Site Elmenteitan Culture Cushitic expansion Eburran industry Hyrax Hill
African Iron Age Sirikwa culture Bantu expansion Nilotic expansion Urewe culture Thimlich Ohinga stone-built ruins Shungwaya Mijikenda Kayas (Fortified settlements) Indian Ocean trade route
Swahili city-states Periplus of the Erythraean Sea Swahili people Swahili culture Kilwa Sultanate History of Mombasa History of Malindi History of Lamu Ruins of Gedi Jumba la Mtwana
Portuguese and Omani period Vasco da Gama Portuguese Empire Fort Jesus East African slave trade Omani Empire Said bin Sultan
British colonial period Johann Ludwig Krapf Imperial British East Africa Company Wanga Kingdom Nabongo Mumia Kenya-Uganda Railway Nandi Resistance German East Africa British East Africa Kenya-Uganda Railway Mekatilili Wa Menza East African campaign (World War I) Kenya Colony Mumboism Luo Union (Welfare Organisation) Harry Thuku Kenya in World War II Kenya African Union Jomo Kenyatta Mau Mau Rebellion Dedan Kimathi Tom Mboya Oginga Odinga Nairobi People's Convention Party The Kennedy Airlift Kenya African National Union Lancaster House Conferences (Kenya)
Early post-independence Shifta War Pio Gama Pinto Bildad Kaggia Kenya People's Union 'Little general election' Kisumu Massacre Gikuyu, Embu, and Meru Association Josiah Mwangi Kariuki Presidency of Jomo Kenyatta
Moi era Daniel Arap Moi 1982 coup d'état attempt Wagalla massacre 1992 Kenyan general election HIV/AIDS in Kenya 1997 Kenyan general election 1998 United States embassy bombings Terrorism in Kenya Presidency of Daniel Moi
Recent history 2002 Kenyan general election Mwai Kibaki 2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum 2007-2008 Kenyan crisis Raila Odinga 2010 Kenyan constitutional referendum Operation Linda Nchi Westgate shopping mall attack 2014 Mpeketoni attacks Presidency of Mwai Kibaki Uhuru Kenyatta William Ruto Garissa University College attack October 2017 Kenyan presidential election 2018 Kenya handshake COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya Presidency of Uhuru Kenyatta
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Culture of Kenya
History Pleistocene Neolithic African iron age Swahili city states Portuguese and Omani period British Colonial Period Early post Independence Moi Era Recent history
People Historic peoples Koobi Fora Hominins Olorgesailie Aechulean hand axe culture Savanna Pastoral Neolithic Culture Eburran industry Elmenteitan culture Sirikwa culture Urewe culture Shungwaya Modern ethnicities Kikuyu Luhya Banyala Bukusu Gisu Idakho Isukha Khayo Kisa Marachi Maragoli Marama Tachoni Tiriki Samia Wanga Kalenjin Nandi Marakwet Kipsigis Elgeyo Tugen Terik Pokot Sabaot Luo Suba Kunta Kamba Somali Kisii Kuria Meru Mbeere Embu Teso Maasai Samburu Ilchamus Turkana Borana Sakuye Orma Rendille Gabra Sengwer Mijikenda Jibana Giriama Duruma Chonyi Swahili Taita Taveta Okiek Kenyan Asians White Kenyans Kenyan Arabs Diaspora Kenyan Americans Kenyan Australians Kenyan Britons
Languages Niger–Congo Bantu Swahili Kikuyu Kamba Ekegusii Kimîîru Oluluhyia Kipokomo Kigiryama Kiembu bajuni Nilo-Saharan Nilotic Dholuo Kalenjin Maa Turkana Afroasiatic Cushitic Rendille Somali Semitic Arabic Indo-European Germanic West Germanic English German Afrikaans Indo-Iranian Hindustani Italic French Italian
Mythology Bantu mythology Gikuyu Akamba Maasai mythology Kalenjin mythology Kit-Mikayi Luanda Magere
Cuisine
Festivals New Year's Day Mawlid Good Friday Easter Monday Lamu Cultural Festival Labour day Madaraka Day Eid al-Fitr Eid al-Adha Huduma Day Diwali Mashujaa Day Jamhuri Day Rusinga (Cultural) Festival Christmas Day Boxing Day
Religion Catholicism Anglicanism African Inland Church Quakers Judaism
Art Traditional art Wangechi Mutu
Literature Swahili literature
Music and performing arts Benga Boomba Genge Kenyan hip hop Lingala Ohangla Soukous Taarab Performing arts Kenya National Theatre Kenya Institute of Puppet Theatre (KIPT) The Kenya Schools and Colleges Drama Festival Too Early for Birds
Media Television Cinema Nation Media Group Government agencies Communications Authority Kenya Film Commission Kenya Film Classification Board Kenya News Agency Television A24 news channel Citizen TV Kenya Broadcasting Corporation Kenya Television Network Tinga Tinga Tales Radio 98.4 Capital FM CRI Nairobi 91.9 FM Pamoja FM Radio Maria Newspapers The African Executive Business Daily Africa Daily Nation The EastAfrican Kenya Gazette Kenya Times The Standard The Star
Sport Athletics Kenya Football in Kenya Football Kenya Federation Kenyan Premier League Rugby union in Kenya Safari Sevens Cricket in Kenya Golf in Kenya
Monuments World Heritage Sites List of Monuments Lothagam North Pillar Site Namoratunga Thimlich Ohinga Ruins of Gedi Jumba la Mtwana Lamu Fort Siyu Fort Fort Jesus Tom Mboya Monument Dedan Kimathi Statue Baden-Powell grave
Symbols Flag Coat of arms National anthem Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu Coat of arms of Kenya
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A part of Eastern Africa, the territory of what is known as Kenya has seen human habitation since the beginning of the Lower Paleolithic. The Bantu expansion from a West African centre of dispersal reached the area by the 1st millennium AD. With the borders of the modern state at the crossroads of the Bantu, Nilo-Saharan and Afro-Asiatic ethno-linguistic areas of Africa, Kenya is a multi-ethnic state. The Wanga Kingdom was formally established in the late 17th century. The Kingdom covered from the Jinja in Uganda to Naivasha in the East of Kenya. This is the first time the Wanga people and Luhya tribe were united and led by a centralized leader, a king, known as the Nabongo.^[1] Kenya's economey is very competitive causing for a very small retail market. There are currently 2 Walmarts in Kenya which shows how competitive the market is.

The European and Arab presence in Mombasa dates back to the Early Modern period, but European exploration of the interior began in the 19th century. The British Empire established the East Africa Protectorate in 1895, from 1928 known as the Kenya Colony.^[2]

During the wave of decolonisation in the 1960s, Kenya gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1963, had Elizabeth II as its first head of state, and Jomo Kenyatta as its Prime Minister. It became a republic in 1964, and was ruled as a de facto one-party state by the Kenya African National Union (KANU), led by Kenyatta from 1964 to 1978. Kenyatta was succeeded by Daniel arap Moi, who ruled until 2002. Moi attempted to transform the de facto one-party status of Kenya into a de jure status during the 1980s. However, with the end of the Cold War, the practices of political repression and torture that had been "overlooked" by the Western powers as necessary evils in the effort to contain communism were no longer tolerated in Kenya.

Moi came under pressure, notably by US ambassador Smith Hempstone, to restore a multi-party system, which he did by 1991. Moi won elections in 1992 and 1997, which were overshadowed by politically motivated killings on both sides. During the 1990s, evidence of Moi's involvement in human rights abuses and corruption, such as the Goldenberg scandal, was uncovered. He was constitutionally barred from running in the 2002 election, which was won by Mwai Kibaki. Widely reported electoral fraud on Kibaki's side in the 2007 elections resulted in the 2007–2008 Kenyan crisis. Kibaki was succeeded by Uhuru Kenyatta in the 2013 general election. There were allegations that his rival Raila Odinga actually won the contest, however, the Supreme Court through a thorough review of evidence adduced found no malpractice during the conduct of the 2013 general election both from the IEBC and the Jubilee Party of Uhuru Kenyatta. Uhuru was re-elected in office five years later in 2017. His victory was however controversial. The supreme court had vitiated Uhuru win after Raila Odinga disputed the result through a constitutionally allowed supreme court petition. Raila Odinga would later boycott a repeat election ordered by the court, allowing Uhuru Kenyatta sail through almost unopposed with 98% of the vote.